Download File - Alphonse Asylum

“Hello AP…”
Please prepare for notes on
abnormal behavior
Introduction
• How should we define psychological
disorders?
• How should we
understand disorders?
• How should we classify
psychological
disorders?
Abnormal psychology
• The scientific study of abnormal behavior in
order to describe, predict, explain, and change
abnormal patterns of functioning
What makes a Behavior a Mental Illness?
• Many definitions have been proposed, yet none
are universally accepted
• ¨ Most definitions, however, share some common
features…
• “The Four D’s”
– Deviance – Different, extreme, unusual
– Distress – Unpleasant & upsetting
– Dysfunction – Causes interference with life
– Danger – Poses risk of harm
Understanding Psychological Disorders
Ancient Treatments of psychological disorders include
trephination, exorcism, being caged like animals, being
beaten, burned, castrated, mutilated, or transfused
with animal’s blood.
Trephination (boring holes in the skull to remove evil forces)
Medical Perspective
Philippe Pinel (1745-1826) from France, insisted that
madness was not due to demonic possession, but an
ailment of the mind.
Dance in the madhouse.
Models of the Causes of
Psychological Disorders
• Biological model
– Physiological or biochemical basis
• Psychoanalytic model
– Disorders are the result of unconscious conflicts
• Cognitive-Behavioral model
– Disorders are the result of learning maladaptive ways of
behaving and thinking
• Diathesis-Stress model
– Biological predisposition to disorder which is triggered by
stress
Medical Approach
When physicians discovered that syphilis led to mental
disorders, they started using medical models to review
the physical causes of these disorders.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Etiology: Cause and development of the disorder.
Diagnosis: Identifying (symptoms) and distinguishing one
disease from another.
Treatment: Treating a disorder in a psychiatric hospital.
Prognosis: Forecast about the disorder.
Classifying Psychological
Disorders
• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders (DSM)
–DSM-5
• Diagnostic labels
• Criticisms of the DSM
The DSM spells out the specific diagnostic
criteria
• An example of this can be seen in the diagnosis of a
major depressive episode.
• A person must exhibit at least five or more of the
listed nine characteristics and the symptoms must be
evident for at least the last two weeks for that
person to be diagnosed with this disorder.
• When diagnosing a client the American Psychological
Association recommends that the clinician use a
multiaxial Assessment System.
Rates of Psychological
Disorders
Rosenhan’s study
• "On being sane in insane
places"
Diagnostic Labeling
•Power of labels
–Preconception can stigmatize
•Stereotypes of the
mentally ill
•Insanity
Diagnostic Labeling
1. Critics of the DSM-IV argue that labels may stigmatize
individuals.
Elizabeth Eckert, Middletown, NY. From L. Gamwell and
N. Tomes, Madness in America, 1995. Cornell University Press.
Asylum baseball team (labeling)
Diagnostic Labeling
2.
Labels may be helpful for healthcare professionals when
communicating with one another and establishing therapy.
Diagnostic Labeling
3.
“Insanity” labels raise moral and
ethical questions about how
society should treat people who
have disorders and have
committed crimes.
Psychological Disorders Cookbook Project
Here are the guidelines:
You are working on this individually to create a mental disorders cookbook. You must
have at least 8 recipes. Of the 8 total recipes, you should have 2 mood disorders, 2
anxiety disorders, and then 4 others from any category.
 One recipe per page
 Each disorder will be connected with a real food (i.e. Schizophrenic spaghetti).
 Each recipe must include symptoms as ingredients (i.e. 2 lbs. of hallucinations, 1
part delusions of grandeur, etc.) with appropriate 'measurement' amounts.
 Include directions for how to combine the ingredients to 'make' the recipe .
 Your front cover must have your “chef name” and your real name must be on
the back.
 Illustrations, drawing, or graphics are required for each recipe. These can be
drawn or computer generated, however, the final copy must be professional,
readable, and must have all the above requirements.