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Chapter 13: Genetic Engineering 13-1 Changing the Living World Selective Allowing only those Breeding individuals with desired traits to reproduce Domesticated animals have been produced using this method 13-1 Selective Allows an increased Breeding opportunity for desired traits to be passed on Different breeds of plant and animal are a result 13-1 Hybridization Crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of each Tend to be hardier against disease (more resistant) 13-1 Inbreeding Continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics Maintains desired characteristics Risks: due to close similarity, may bring together neg. effects 13-1 Line breeding Breeding closely related individuals (not as closely related as in inbreeding) Still keeps desired traits from each parent 13-1 Outcrossing Same as hybridization 13-1 Increasing Done by mutations variation (which may be natural or induced) These will be inherited PolyploidMany sets of chromosomes Fatal in animals 13-2 Manipulating DNA Making changes Genetic Engineering in DNA in living organisms 13-3 Cell Transformation TransformationCell takes in DNA from outside the cell The external DNA becomes part of cell’s DNA 13-4 Application of Gen. Engineering Transgenic Contain genes from Organisms other organisms Gene from other organism is inserted into cells of other organisms Revolutionized agriculture 13-4 Application of Gen. Engineering mice – w/ human genes making their immune system act as ours so effects of medicine can be studied Transgenic Animals: Organisms 13-4 Application of Gen. Engineering Transgenic Livestock – w/ x-tra growth hormone so Organisms they grow faster and have more meat, less fat (GM) – genetically modified Plants: 13-4 Application of Gen. Engineering Transgenic Plants: some Organisms produce natural insecticides Plants: some are naturally resistant to weed-killing chemicals (round-up ready) 13-4 Application of Gen. Engineering Cloning Creation of a member of a population genetically identical to another 1997 – Ian Wilmut – cloned sheep “Dolly” Since this cows, pigs, and mice have been