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GEOMETRY REVIEW BASIC VOCABULARY Point - an exact location in space-- usually labeled with a capital letter. Ex: • P Line - a set of points in a straight path which extend infinitely in both directions -- named by choosing 2 vertices. Ex: Ray - a part of a line with one endpoint (extends infinitely in one direction). Ex: Line Segment - a part of a line with two endpoints. Ex: Plane - a flat surface which extends infinitely in all directions. You need 3 points to determine a plane. Ex: Perpendicular Lines - two lines that intersect to form right angles. Ex: Parallel Lines - two lines in the same plane that never intersect and are always the same distance apart. Ex: Skew Lines - two lines in different planes that never intersect ANGLES Angle - two rays with a common endpoint (vertex). Ex: Acute angle - an angle that measures less than 90 degrees. Ex: Right angle - an angle that measures exactly 90 degrees. Ex: Obtuse angle - an angle that measures greater than 90 degrees but less than 180 degrees. Ex: Straight angle - an angle whose measure is exactly 180 degrees. Ex: Reflex angle - an angle whose measure is greater than 180 degrees but less than 360. Ex: CLASSIFYING TRIANGLES …according to the size of the angles Acute Triangle – a triangle with three acute angles. Ex: Right Triangle – a triangle with one right angle (and two acute angles). Ex: Obtuse Triangle – a triangle with one obtuse angle (and two acute angles). Ex: …according to the length of the sides Scalene Triangle – a triangle with no sides the same length. Ex: Isosceles Triangle – a triangle with two sides congruent Ex: Equilateral Triangle – a triangle with three sides congruent. Each angle measures 60 degrees. Ex: POLYGONS Polygon – a simple closed figure made up of three or more line segments. Polygons are classified by the number of sides. See chart below: # sides Polygon SUM of the angles (in degrees) 3 Triangle 180 4 Quadrilateral 360 5 Pentagon 540 6 Hexagon 720 7 Heptagon 900 8 Octagon 1080 9 Nonagon 1260 10 Decagon 1440 11 Undecagon 1620 12 Dodecagon 1800 Total amount of degrees = 180(#of sides – 2) Convex Concave Regular Polygon – a polygon with all sides congruent and all angles the same measure. Ex: Diagonal – a line segment which connects any two non-consecutive vertices of a polygon. Ex: Circle – a set of points equally distant from a given point called the center. PARTS OF A CIRCLE Radius Diameter Chord Tangent Line Secant Line Central Angle Arc Complementary Angles – two angles that have a sum of 90 degrees. Supplementary Angles – two angles that have a sum of 180 degrees. Transversal – a line that intersects two or more other lines Vertical Angles – angles which are directly opposite each other at an intersection. Corresponding Angles – angles which lie in the same position in both intersections. Alternate Interior Angles – angles which are on opposite sides of the transversal and INSIDE the parallel lines. Alternate Exterior Angles – angles which are on opposite sides of the transversal and OUTSIDE the parallel lines.