Download 1-2: What are the properties of matter?

4-2: What Shapes an Ecosystem?
Biology 1
Introduction
• Ecology tell you where an
organism lives
• Ecology also tells you about the
climate
• What shapes the ecosystem of
the organism?
Biotic and
Abiotic
Factors
• BIOTIC FACTORS: biological
influence on organisms within an
ecosystem
– Biotic Factors include living
organisms in the environment:
Plants, animals, bacteria, etc
• ABIOTIC FACTORS: physical, or
nonliving, factor that shapes an
ecosystem
– Abiotic Factors include
temperature, precipitation, wind,
sunlight, etc…
Biotic and
Abiotic
Factors
• HABITAT: the area where an
organism lives, including the
biotic and abiotic factors that
affect it
• Habitats includes biotic and
abiotic factors
The Niche
• NICHE: full range of physical
and biological conditions in
which an organism lives and
the way in which the organism
uses those conditions
• Niches can be organisms place
in the food web, temperatures
needed for survival, etc
The Niche
• Niche also describes what an
organism eats, how it gets
food, and predators
• Where an animal lives
• When and how it reproduces
• The same species can never
live in the same niche – it
causes competition
Community
Interactions
• Competition happens when
organisms fight for resources
– Food, water, living space, etc
• Predation happens when one
organism catches another for
food
– Predator is hunter, prey is the food
Community
Relationships
• SYMBIOSIS: relationship in which
two species live closely together
• MUTUALISM: symbiotic relationship
in which both species benefit from
the relationship
• COMMENSALISM: symbiotic
relationship in which one member
of the association benefits and the
other is neither helped nor harmed
• PARASITISM: symbiotic relationship
in which one organism lives in or on
another organism (the host) and
consequently harms it