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Transcript
4-2: What Shapes an Ecosystem? Biology 1 Introduction • Ecology tell you where an organism lives • Ecology also tells you about the climate • What shapes the ecosystem of the organism? Biotic and Abiotic Factors • BIOTIC FACTORS: biological influence on organisms within an ecosystem – Biotic Factors include living organisms in the environment: Plants, animals, bacteria, etc • ABIOTIC FACTORS: physical, or nonliving, factor that shapes an ecosystem – Abiotic Factors include temperature, precipitation, wind, sunlight, etc… Biotic and Abiotic Factors • HABITAT: the area where an organism lives, including the biotic and abiotic factors that affect it • Habitats includes biotic and abiotic factors The Niche • NICHE: full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which the organism uses those conditions • Niches can be organisms place in the food web, temperatures needed for survival, etc The Niche • Niche also describes what an organism eats, how it gets food, and predators • Where an animal lives • When and how it reproduces • The same species can never live in the same niche – it causes competition Community Interactions • Competition happens when organisms fight for resources – Food, water, living space, etc • Predation happens when one organism catches another for food – Predator is hunter, prey is the food Community Relationships • SYMBIOSIS: relationship in which two species live closely together • MUTUALISM: symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit from the relationship • COMMENSALISM: symbiotic relationship in which one member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed • PARASITISM: symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives in or on another organism (the host) and consequently harms it