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Persia Attacks the Greeks CH. 7 SECTION 3 The Persian Empire Early Persians- warriors and nomads. (herded cattle) Cyrus the Great- united Persians into a powerful kingdom. Treated all of his subjects well- helped to keep the empire together. Kingdom was larger than U.S. – built roads to connect to cities (Royal Road). Darius- took over after Cyrus – reorganized the government to make it better. Divided empire into 20 provinces (satrapies) ruled by a satrap. Satrap- acted as tax collector, judge, police chief- still answered to Persian king. Persia had a large army of professional soldiers. Zoroastrianism- religion of Persia- belief in 1 God. The Persian Wars *The Battle of Marathon- Greeks v. Persians Persian fleet of 20,000 soldiers landed in Marathon (near Athens). Athenians did NOT attack- they waited for the Persians to advance. Athenians defeated the Persians. Legend: Athenians send Pheidippides home with the good news. Marathons today named after this battle. The Persian Wars *Another Persian Strike After Darius died, his son, Xerxer, became Persian king Wanted revenge against Athenians. Persians attacked Greece- Greeks joined forces. Themistocles (Athenian general) Battle at Salamis- (a straight) Greek fleet attacked the Persians & won but the Persians burned Athens. Greek army crushed Persian army at Plataea. The Persian Wars *What caused the Persian Empire to fall? Greeks defeated Persians – weakened the empire. New Persian ruler raised taxes to gain wealth. Angry subjects = many rebellions All men in royal family wanted throne = murders! Persia was weak – Alexander attacked (Greek) Alexander the Great took control of the empire.