Download B2a specification checklist file


B2a Specification Checklist
Cells and simple cell transport
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
To know all living things are made from cells
To understand the structures of different types of cells are related to their functions
To understand that to get into or out of cells, dissolved substances have to cross the cell membranes.
To know the nucleus controls the activities of the cell
To know the cytoplasm is where most of the chemical reactions take place
To know the cell membrane controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell
To know the mitochondria are where most energy is released in respiration
To know ribosomes are where protein synthesis occurs
To know plant and algal cells also have a cell wall made of cellulose, which strengthens the cell.
To know plant cells also have chloroplasts, which absorb light energy to make food
To know plant cells also have a permanent vacuole filled with cell sap.
To know a bacterial cell consists of cytoplasm and a membrane surrounded by a cell wall
To know the genes in a bacterial cell are not in a distinct nucleus.
To know yeast is a single-celled organism that has a nucleus, cytoplasm and a membrane surrounded by a cell wall.
To know dissolved substances can move into and out of cells by diffusion.
To understand diffusion is the spreading of the particles of a gas, or of any substance in solution, resulting in a net movement from a region where
they are of a higher concentration to a region with a lower concentration.
To know the greater the difference in concentration, the faster the rate of diffusion.
To know oxygen required for respiration passes through cell membranes by diffusion.
Tissues, organs and organ systems
To know the cells of multicellular organisms may differentiate and become adapted for specific functions
Rods (eye), fat cells, sperm cell, root hair cell
To know the tissues are collections of similar cells; organs are collections of tissues performing specific bodily functions.
To know the organs are organised into organ systems, which work together to form organisms.
To develop an understanding of size and scale in relation to cells, tissues, organs and organ systems.
To know large multicellular organisms develop systems for exchanging materials.
To know a tissue is a group of cells with similar structure and function:
muscular tissue can contract to bring about movement
glandular tissue can produce substances such as enzymes and hormones
epithelial tissue covers some parts of the body.
To know organs are made of tissues, one organ may contain several tissues.
To be able to recognise the organs of the digestive system on a diagram.
To know glands, such as the pancreas and salivary glands, which produce digestive juices
To know the stomach and small intestine are sites where digestion occurs
To know the liver produces bile which is stored in the gall bladder
To know the small intestine is where the absorption of soluble food occurs
To know the large intestine is where water is absorbed from the undigested food, producing faeces.
To know plant organs include stems, roots and leaves.
To know epidermal tissues, which cover the plant
To know mesophyll carries out photosynthesis
To know xylem and phloem, which transport substances around the plant.
Photosynthesis
To know green plants and algae use light energy to make their own food.
To know plants obtain the raw materials they need to make this food from the air and the soil.
To know the conditions plants are grown in can be changed to promote growth and be able to interpret data showing how factors affect the rate
of photosynthesis
To be able to evaluate the benefits of artificially manipulating the environment in which plants are grown.
To know the word equation for photosynthesis: carbon dioxide + water > glucose + oxygen
To know light energy is absorbed by a green substance called chlorophyll, which is found in chloroplasts in some plant cells and algae
To know sunlight energy is used to convert carbon dioxide (from the air) and water (from the soil) into sugar (glucose)
To know oxygen is released as a by-product of photosynthesis
To know that plant cells use some of the glucose produced during photosynthesis for respiration.
To be able to explain how light, temperature and the availability of carbon dioxide interact and in practice any one of them may be the factor that
limits photosynthesis.
To be able to relate the principle of limiting factors to the economics of enhancing the following conditions in greenhouses
To know the glucose produced in photosynthesis may be converted into insoluble starch for storage.
To know some of the glucose made in plants and algae is used:
to produce fat or oil for storage
to produce cellulose, which strengthens the cell wall
to produce proteins ( with the addition of nitrates from the soil)
Organisms and their environment
To understand: the terms mean, median and mode and that sample size is related to both validity and reproducibility.
To know living organisms form communities, to understand the relationships within and between these communities.
To know how communities are affected by external influences: temperature; availability of nutrients; amount of light; availability of water;
availability of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
To be able to suggest reasons for the distribution of living organisms in a particular habitat
To be able to evaluate methods used to collect environmental data, and consider the validity of the method and the reproducibility of the data as
evidence for environmental change
To know how quantitative data on the distribution of organisms can be obtained by:
random sampling with quadrats, sampling along a transect.