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TORTORA • FUNKE • CASE Microbiology AN INTRODUCTION EIGHTH EDITION B.E Pruitt & Jane J. Stein Chapter 11, part E The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea Lactobacillales - Gram (+) cocci and rods • Generally aerotolerant anaerobes, lack an electron-transport chain • Catalase negative • Lactobacillus • Streptococcus • Hemolysis • Alpha • Beta • gamma • Enterococcus • Listeria Figure 11.18 Mycoplasmatales • Wall-less, pleomorphic • 0.1 - 0.24 µm • M. pneumoniae Figure 11.19a, b Actinobacteria • High G + C • Gram-positive • Include Mycobacteria, Corynebacteria, and Actinomycetes. The important pathogenic genus, Mycobacterium, as well as the filamentous genera Streptomyces and Actinomyces, which form conidiospores. Actinobacteria • Often filamentous • Lots of antibiotics from this group • Actinomyces • Corynebacterium • Frankia • Gardnerella • Mycobacterium • Acid fast • Nocardia • Propionibacterium • Streptomyces Figure 11.20b Domain Archaea Archaea lack peptidoglycan. They typically live in extreme conditions QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. • Hyperthermophiles • Pyrodictium • Sulfolobus • Thermus • Methanogens • Methanobacterium QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. • Extreme halophiles • Halobacterium Figure 11.25 Microbial Diversity • Bacteria size range • Thiomargarita (750 µm) to nanobacteria (0.02 µm) in rocks Figure 11.26 Microbial Diversity • PCR indicates up to 10,000 bacteria/gm of soil. Many bacteria have not been identified or characterized because they: • Haven't been cultured • Need special nutrients • Are part of complex food chains requiring the products of other bacteria • Need to be cultured to understand their metabolism and ecological role