* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download The Civil War
Battle of Roanoke Island wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Lewis's Farm wikipedia , lookup
Secession in the United States wikipedia , lookup
Missouri secession wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Namozine Church wikipedia , lookup
Battle of New Bern wikipedia , lookup
Red River Campaign wikipedia , lookup
First Battle of Lexington wikipedia , lookup
Gettysburg Address wikipedia , lookup
Union blockade wikipedia , lookup
Kentucky in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Texas in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Confederate States of America wikipedia , lookup
East Tennessee bridge burnings wikipedia , lookup
Blockade runners of the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Wilson's Creek wikipedia , lookup
First Battle of Bull Run wikipedia , lookup
Capture of New Orleans wikipedia , lookup
Conclusion of the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Anaconda Plan wikipedia , lookup
Georgia in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Battle of Fort Pillow wikipedia , lookup
Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps wikipedia , lookup
Tennessee in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Virginia in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Confederate privateer wikipedia , lookup
Jubal Early wikipedia , lookup
Baltimore riot of 1861 wikipedia , lookup
Economy of the Confederate States of America wikipedia , lookup
Opposition to the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
South Carolina in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Hampton Roads Conference wikipedia , lookup
United States presidential election, 1860 wikipedia , lookup
Mississippi in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Alabama in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Border states (American Civil War) wikipedia , lookup
Issues of the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Union (American Civil War) wikipedia , lookup
United Kingdom and the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Why It Matters Northern economy grew stronger Southern economy destroyed. War the first “modern” war. Slavery abolished. States rights crushed Reconstruction continued on next slide The Menace of Secession Abe slips into Washington becomes the butt of jokes Lincoln’s inaugural “No State, upon its own mere motion, can lawfully get out of the Union, that resolves and ordinances to that effect are legally void, and that acts of violence, within any State or States, against the authority of the United States, are insurrectionary or revolutionary, according to circumstances.” While Lincoln expressly called for a peaceful resolution, this was the final straw for many in the South who saw the speech as a veiled threat. No conflict unless South provokes We can not separate – physically Endorses the “13th Amendment” Why the South Must Stay Economic Defense Cotton hugely important Inland waterways and commerce Territories Tariffs US would have two long borders The South would embrace the UK Coastal forts Political Threat to Union Washing DC in the South Border states Does a state have a right to secede from the union? Yes Declaration of Independence South Carolina Exposition & Protest Constitution - Art. 1, Sec. 10 Based on a compact between the 13 states Once the Constitution broken so was the compact Powers denied to state - succession not mentioned 10th Amendment – all powers not given to the Feds reserved to the states No! Art. 1 Sec. 10 Article 6 – Supremacy clause Treason States can not engage in war Declaration of Independence Constitution supreme law of the land Article 1, sec. 3 No state shall, without consent of Congress enter into any agreement or compact with another state Beauregard Anderson CS peacefully takes over US installations Major Anderson seizes Sumter - US Commander Lincoln told South Carolina of his intention to provision the fort and they took it as reinforce Carolinians opened fire on April 12, 1861; the battle was over 34 hours later. Considered the official start of the war by many. P.G.T. Beauregard commanded the CS troops 50 CS Cannons, 3000 shells, no one killed! Lincoln Expands the Conflict Lincoln calls for 75,000 men for 90 days – Seen by South as act of aggression. Constitutionally shaky ground. Governor Jackson of Missouri, “your requisition is illegal, unconstitutional, revolutionary, inhuman, diabolical, and cannot be complied with,’’ and Governor Harris of Tennessee, “will not furnish a single man for the purpose of coercion, but fifty thousand to defend our rights and those of our Southern brothers.’’ Typical war fever on both sides May-June Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina and Virginia join Confederacy - Richmond becomes the capital. Just 100 miles from DC Short war seen on both sides Border States: Slave states that shared a border with free states to the north. Lincoln reportedly said that he hoped to have God on his side but he Kentucky Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri Men fight on both sides Maryland - Garrisoned, by US troops Kentucky- Admitted to CS Dec 1861 Missouri - Admitted to CS Nov 1861 Delaware, remains loyal Lincoln declares he is not fighting to free the slaves The five civilized Tribes side with the Confederacy Lincoln to Remaining Southern states “We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic chards of memory, stretching from every battlefield and patriot grave, to every living heart and headstone, all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the union when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature.” Confederate States of America Constitution 1st Va Militia Guarantee slavery & state rights S.C., Fla., Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, TX Capital - Montgomery, Ala. Jefferson Davis - president QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see thi s picture. Balance of Forces Lincoln offered Robert E. Lee to command the Union’s troops. Lee at first opposed the Confederacy When Virginia seceded he chose to join with his family and neighbors and fight for Virginia One-third of the Union’s military officers chose to support the Confederacy. Not all Southern officers went South The South had a stronger military tradition. Advantages and Disadvantages This gave the North an advantage in raising an army and in supporting the war. One-third of the South’s population was enslaved. The North’s population was more than twice as large as the South’s population. Advantages and Disadvantages The North had 90 percent of the country’s factories. It produced 90 percent of the nation’s pig iron, which is used to make weapons and equipment. Almost all of the country’s firearms and gunpowder were produced in the North. (cont.) (pages 351–352) Section 1-10 Advantages and Disadvantages The South was able to produce large amounts of food. ..\Chapter 20 Girding for War The North and the South, 18611865\TeacherTube Videos - The Rebel Yell Lives- Part I.flv After the war began, the South quickly set up armories and foundries to produce weapons, gunpowder, and ammunition Southerners often made better soldiers Shortages dogged the south The South had few railroad lines for moving food and troops The North had massive financial advantages over the South. The North controlled the national treasury and was able to continue collecting money from tariffs. The Federal blockade slowly becomes effective (page 439) Dethroning King Cotton • • Productive crops from 1857-1860 had left Britain with a surplus so when the North blockaded exports, Europe was still well supplied When supplies in Britain began to run low, they simply depended on Northern confiscated imports India and Egypt increase production The real crops that swayed British support occurred with grains. Poor harvests in Europe forced the British to depend on Northern grain exports Fear of losing these kept the British out of the war directly. Balance of Forces The Union opens up immigration 800,000, mostly Irish and German Lincoln has a problem finding good generals Northern banks loaned the federal government money by buying government bonds. Congress passed the Legal Tender Act in February 1862. This created a national currency and allowed the government to issue green-colored paper money known as greenbacks. The Confederacy’s financial situation was not good to start, and it continued to worsen. Foreign Diplomacy The Trent Affair - late in 1861, the North commandeered a British steamer and forcibly took two confederate diplomats on their way to Britain The British protested , – Sends troops to Canada and Lincoln capitulated Another crisis arose over the building of Confederate commerce-raiders in England The most successful was the Alabama (seen below) CSS Alabama CSS Alabama commissioned on 24 August 1862. Under Captain Raphael Semmes Alabama caused disorder and devastation across the globe for Union merchant shipping. The Confederate cruiser claimed 65 prizes valued at nearly $6,000,000 (approximately $123,000,000 in today's dollars On June 19, 1864 Alabama sailed out of Cherbourg France to engage Kearsarge, in an hour long battle the Alabama was sunk Americans blame the UK – eye Canada The U. S. Government pursued the against the British Government for the devastation caused, and following a court of arbitration, won heavy damages. Foreign Flare-ups William Seward Britain does not deliver two ships to the Confederates The Irish raise “armies” to invade Canada Canada becomes more united Napoleon III of France took advantage of the war by installing a puppet government in Mexico City in direct violation of the Monroe Doctrine When the war ended, Secretary of State William Seward threatened to send troops and Napoleon retreated. Napoleon III Maximilian’s execution Jefferson Davis Resigned from the Senate when his home state of Mississippi seceded Appointed then later elected President of the Confederate States of America Reluctantly accepted the office He was constantly at odds with the states which had seceded over States’ rights issues At odds with state governments when he asked for volunteers, money and supplies He was never really able to unify the Confederacy for its’ own defense. Abraham Lincoln Reared in a poor family on the western frontier, Lincoln was mostly self-educated. He became a country lawyer, an Illinois state legislator, and a one-term member of the United States House of Representatives Lincoln's policies and personality were "blasted from all sides Lincoln proclaimed a blockade Increased the federal army Appropriated $2 million to three men for military purposes Allowed "supervised" voting in the border-states Circa 1860 Limitations on Wartime Liberties In the words of historian James G. Randall: "No president has carried the power of presidential edict and executive order (independently of Congress) so far as [Lincoln] did.... It would not be easy to state what Lincoln conceived to be the limit of his powers.“ He suspended writ of habeas corpus Arrested elected officials, including an Ohio congressman He defied the Supreme Court Closed over 300 newspapers and arrested many editors Lincoln declared martial law and authorized such forums to try civilians by military tribunal Union Army conducted at least 4,271 trials by military commission A Volunteer Army In the beginning both sides relied on volunteers to fill the need for soldiers It wasn't until 1863 that Congress passed a conscription law when volunteering began to slack in the North • The Confederacy had a tougher time and in both North and South the wealthy could buy their way out of enlistment. LEFT: A London News engraving titled “Enlisting Irish and German Immigrants” depicts a scene in New York with Union recruiters talking to recent arrivals. The sign in the background promises they will be paid a total of $600 for there service. Soldiers needed US Conscription Act of 1863 Age 20-45, quotas by state $300 men 200,000 Union deserters New York City draft riots Confederate draft Large slave owners exempt Ages 17 to 50 9th Mississippi Infantry 6th Maine Infantry Economic Stresses of War The North passed the Morrill Tariff Act, increasing tariff rates by about 5 to 10%, but war soon drove those rates even higher. The National Banking System was a landmark of the war for the North, created to establish a standard bank-note currency, and banks that joined the National Banking System could buy government bonds and issue sound paper money. In the South, runaway inflation plagued the Confederates, and overall, in the South inflation went up to 9000%, as opposed to “just” 80% in the North. The North’s Economic Boon The North actually emerged from the Civil War more prosperous than before, since new factories had been formed and a millionaire class was born for the first time in history. Manufacturers of weapons and clothing made huge profits off of both sides. Innovations in machinery were enjoyed particularly in the North which managed to increase productivity even while most of its' work force was fighting the war Age of “shoddy” War Aims Federals Restore the Union My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that. What I do about slavery, and the colored race, I do because I believe it helps to save the Union; Confederates Right to self government Defend home and families A Crushed Cotton Kingdom The South was ruined by the war, as transportation collapsed and supplies of everything became scarce, and by the end of the war, the South claimed only 12% of the national wealth as opposed to 30% before the war, and it’s per capita income was now 2/5 that of Northerners, as opposed to 2/3 of Northerners before the war Capitalism lost out to industrial capitalism