Download complete-electricity-topic

Lesson Starter
On your show me board, write
down as much as you can about
batteries
Learning Intention
• To be able to explain what a
battery is and what it is made of
• To explain why a battery goes flat
• To investigate the relationship
between the number of CELLS
and the VOLTAGE
What is electricity?
• The movement of charged
particles from one place to
another
• Electric current
• Eg Lightening, short
• Washing machines, tvslonger
• Batteries- potential
What is a battery?
• Portable power packlimited energy
• Basic unit= cell. 2 metals
separated by electrolyte
• Battery= 2 or more cells
• Converts chemicals inside
into electricity
How do batteries work?
• Connect to a CIRCUIT
• Chemical reaction- metals inside
lose electrons
• Electricity produced by difference in
ability to lose
• Electrons flow- power what is
connected
Batteries go flat
• One of the metals will be used upbattery goes flat
• RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES- reverse
chemical reaction by passing
electricity through it
Measuring electricity:
investigation
Use a meter to read the amount of
electricity being produced
What effect does the number of
CELLS used have on the reading?
Note to copy
• A chemical cell is made up of 2 different metals
separated by an electrolyte which completes the
circuit; a battery contains 2 or more chemical cells.
• Electricity is the movement of charged particles. It
is produced by a chemical reaction as a result of
the differing abilities of the 2 metals involved to
lose electrons.
• When one or more of the metals gets used up, the
battery is said to be flat.
Homework
Research task
Find out WHO created the first
battery and the name given to
it.
Find out as much information as
you can about his work.
Lesson Starter
• Explain the difference
between a battery and a
chemical cell
• Explain why a battery goes flat
True or False
Learning Intention
• To show that a battery can be
made from different metals and a
lemon
• To investigate which fruit
produces the highest voltage
Group Investigation
• Work together to find out which fruit
produces the highest voltage.
• Set up the apparatus as shown, replace the
fruit and fill out the table.
• Make sure to wipe the elcetrodes each time.
Fruit
Voltage
The fruit which generated the highest voltage
was the ________.
Number of _________
Voltage
As we increase the number of _______, the voltage
________.
Conclusion
Batteries can be made from any 2
metals separated by an electrolyte.
We can use different fruits and
vegetables to make a battery as
the juices allow the charged
particles to flow thus completing
the circuit.
Lesson Starter
Write down a list of all the
times you have used
electricity TODAY.
Electricity: copy
• Electricity is an essential part of every
day life; it is used to light our homes,
power our Tvs and charge our phones.
• For these things to happen- electric
circuits are used.
Learning Intention
• To be able to draw simple circuit
diagrams using the correct
symbols
• To be able to use circuit
diagrams to build a circuit.
Circuits
• Electricity flows round a
circuit
• What happens to the
train when a bit of the
track was missing?
Circuits
• Electricity can flow from a POWER SOURCE
through a complete electric circuit to power a
device that is attached to it.
• It is essential that the circuit is complete.
• If the circuit is missing a bit then the flow of
electricity will stop and the device will not work.
Circuits
• Circuits can include a
number of different
components
• It takes too much
time to draw so we
use symbols.
Battery
• The battery is the source
of power.
• Electricity flows from the
battery to power the
circuit.
Bulb
Buzzer
Resistor
Motor
Ammeter
Voltmeter
Wires
Activity
Using the show me boards,
draw a circuit where a bulb
will light up
Activity
Using the show me boards,
draw a circuit which will
make a sound when
complete
Activity
Using the show me
boards, draw a circuit
where the motor will
move.
Switches
We know that for a device to work,
electricity has to go round an
entire circuit. We can use a switch
to control that flow of electricity.
Switch
Think, Pair, Share
How do switches
work in a circuit?
Switches
• When the switch is
turned on, the circuit
is complete and the
electricity can flow to
power the device
attached.
• When the switch is
off- the circuit is not
complete.
Circuit 1
A battery connected by a
wire to a bulb which is
connected by another wire
back to the battery
Circuit 2
A battery connected by a wire
to a switch which is connected
by another wire to a buzzer
which is connected back to the
battery by another wire.
Circuit 3
A battery connected by a wire
to a switch which is connected
to a motor (by a wire). The
motor is connected to the
battery (by another wire).
Textbook
Read the information on page 64
and answer the questions
Bingo
Pick 5 symbols- first to have
their 5 shouted wins
Lesson Starter
1. Without using your notes, draw the
symbol for:
●
a) a battery
●
b) a bulb
●
c) a switch
2. Draw a circuit which contains a motor
controlled by a switch.
Learning Intention
To be able to:
Build series circuits
Draw series circuit diagrams using the correct
symbols
Explain what happens when more batteries/bulbs
are added to a series circuit
Collect
• 2 battery
• 3 bulbs
• 6 wires
Challenge
o
o
o
Make a circuit which has 1 bulb
Add another bulb- what do you notice about the
brightness?
Add a third bulb- what do you see?
Think, Pair, Share
Why do you think the bulbs appear
to be duller the more you add?
Why did the bulbs get duller?
•
Electricity is split
•
Not as much electricity
•
SERIES
Series circuits
What is a TV
series?
Series circuits: copy



In a series circuit all the
components in the circuit appear
one after the other in a single
loop.
The electric current passes
through every one of the
components.
If you put more bulbs into a series
circuit, the bulbs will be dimmer
than before.
Unscrew a bulb
Unscrew one of the bulbs in your circuitwhat do you notice?
Why do you think this has
happened?
Series circuits: copy
In a series circuit, when one component
is broken; the circuit is incomplete so
the rest of the components will stop
working.
Examples of a series circuit
Christmas tree lights
are an example of
series circuits- when
one bulb runs out- the
full string would stop
lighting up.
Textbook work
Read the information and answer the questions IN
SENTENCES in your jotter
Purple starting science book, page 64
Challenge 4
It is possible to light two bulbs
brightly using 4 wires; can you
work out how to do this?
Lesson Starter
• Describe a series circuit
• When you add more bulbs to a series circuit,
what happened? Why?
• When one component of a series circuit
breaks- what happens to the other? Why?
Learning Intention
• To be able to construct parallel
circuits
• To be able to explain what happens
when a bulb is removed
• To discuss the advantages of
parallel circuits
Challenge
It is possible to light two bulbs
brightly using 4 wires; can
you work out how to do this?
Parallel Circuits
In parallel circuits
different components
are connected on
different branches of
wire.
What does the
“branched wiring”
do to the path of
electricity ?
Task: parallel circuits
Build this circuit:
●
●
Add another bulb by
●
adding 2 extra wires:
• Before we build the circuit- what do you think will
happen to the brightness of the bulb?
• What did happen to the brightness of the bulb?
Parallel circuits: copy
Unlike in a series circuit, a
parallel circuit has more
than one path for electricity
to travel along because of
the “branching” of the
wires.
Parallel circuits:copy
Each component of a parallel circuit is
receiving its own supply of power and so
bulbs connected in a parallel circuit will have
the same brightness.
Task: parallel circuits
Using the same circuit you built up: unscrew
one of the bulbs.
●
What do you think will happen?
●
What did happen?
Parallel circuits:copy
In a parallel circuit, if a
component is disconnected
or breaks, the components
on different branches keep
working because they
have their own supply of
power
Design Challenge
●
●
You will need two batteries, two bulbs and
a switch
I challenge you to build a PARALLEL
circuit where you can switch both bulbs on
or off together
Extension
On paper design a circuit
where you can switch each
bulb on separately
Close your eyes and
vote..
●
●
●
Lighting at home
Stand up- series
circuit
sit on the floorparallel circuit
Close your eyes and
vote..
●
●
●
Christmas tree
lights
Stand up- series
circuit
sit on the floorparallel circuit
Close your eyes and
vote..
●
●
●
Street lights
Stand up- series
circuit
sit on the floorparallel circuit
Exit Task
Answer in your jotters.. What are the
advantages of using parallel circuits
compared to series circuits?
Lesson Starter
Write down the differences
between a series circuit and a
parallel circuit
Learning Intention
●
To understand what Electric Current is
●
To explain how to measure current
●
●
To connect an ammeter correctly in a
circuit
To find out the relationship between
brightness of a bulb and current
What is electric current?
●
●
Electrons move around the circuit
when given energy from a power
supply
This movement is called the
ELECTRIC CURRENT
Electric Current
●
Electrons carry electrical energy around
circuit
Electric current: Copy
Electric current is the flow of
charged electrons around a
circuit.
Measuring electric current
●
●
An AMMETER is used
to measure electric
current which is measured
in AMPS
What is the symbol for an
AMMETER?
Measuring electric current: copy
●
●
An AMMETER is used
to measure electric
current which is measured
in AMPS
The symbol for an
ammeter is
Current
Ammeter in SERIES to
measure current going
through component.
Task 1- series circuits
●
Set up the following circuit and
measure the current:
●
a) before the bulbs
●
b) in between the bulbs
●
c) after the bulbs
*THINK*
What do you notice at each stage?
Task 2
●
●
What happens to the current if you add
more bulbs in series?
What happens to the current if you add
more batteries in series?
What did you notice
about the current in the
series circuit?
Current: copy
●
●
●
The current in a series circuit is the
same at all points in the circuit.
When more bulbs are added in
series, the current DECREASES and
the bulbs gets DIMMER.
When more batteries are added in
series, the current increases and the
bulbs get brighter.
Task 3- parallel circuits
●
Set up the following circuit and
measure the current:
●
a) the battery
●
b) bulb 1
●
c) bulb 2
*THINK*
What do you notice at each stage?
What did you notice
about the current in the
PARALLEL circuit?
Current: copy
●
The currents in the branches of
a parallel circuit add up to the
current from the source.
Plenary
Using the correct symbols, draw a series circuit
with 2 bulbs, 2 batteries and an ammeter.
Explain how the current in the bulbs would
compare
Lesson Starter
How does the current
compare in a series
circuit to a parallel
circuit?
Learning Intention
●
●
●
To learn what voltage is and how
to measure it
To build circuits including
voltmeters
To add more batteries to the
circuit and explain what you see
Current
Current is flow of
electrons
● Doesn’t flow on
its own- push
●
What is voltage?
●
●
●
●
A measure of energy
carried by the charge.
The energy is supplied
by the battery/ mains
(Push)
Measured by volt
meter
Volts
Voltage:parallel
Voltage is THE SAME
across all branches of
parallel circuits
Voltage: series
The voltage of each
component of the circuit add
up to the supply of voltage.
Task 3
What happens to the brightness of the bulbs
and the voltage when you add in more
batteries?
Voltage
More batteries
give a higher
voltage
Note to copy
●
●
●
●
●
The voltage is a measure of the energy
carried by the charge. It is supplied by a
battery or mains electricity.
It is measured using a volt meter and is
measured in volts (V).
The voltage is the same across all branches
of a parallel circuit.
In series circuits the voltage of each
component adds up the supply of voltage.
Adding more batteries makes the bulbs shine
brighter; the more batteries, the bigger the
voltage.
Lesson Starter
What is the difference
between current and the
voltage?
Learning Intention
To investigate the effect of
different metals on voltage
● To learn about the
electrochemical series
●
Instructions
●
●
●
Collect 2 wires, 2 crocodile clips, a
multimeter, electrolyte and beaker with
metals
Pick two metals and write them in your table
Connect the croc clips to the metals and
measure the voltage- note down in your
table
Experiment
Metal Pair
Voltage/V
Which combination of metals
gave the biggest voltage?
Which combination gave the
smallest voltage?
The electrochemical series
●
●
●
League table- how easy they lose
electrons (how reactive they are)
Voltage produced depends on how far
apart the metals are on the ECS
Further apart- bigger voltage
Make a Mneumonic
●
Potassium
●
Sodium
●
Lithium
●
Calcium
●
Magnesium
●
Aluminium
●
Zinc
●
Iron
●
Tin
●
Lead
●
Hydrogen
●
Copper
●
Mercury
●
Silver
●
Gold
●
Platinum
Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
Hydrogen
Copper
Mercury
Silver
You have to
remember all
of these – in
order!
People
Scream
Loudly
Cause
Massive
Angry
Zombies
In
Their
Loft
Have
Caused
Many
Smashed
Gold
Plates
Homework
Learn the order of the metals in
the electrochemical series; I’ll
be checking tomorrow 
Lesson Starter
When you catch the ball you
have to say the next metal in the
electrochemical series.. Get it
wrong and you’re out!
Learning Intention
To write a lab report
Aim
What were we trying to find out?
To find out the effect of……
To find out how voltage is affected by
using different metal combinations
Method
o
o
o
Apparatus list - write down a list of
all the equipment and chemicals that
you used
Instructions- Write down step by
step instructions so that someone
could follow them and repeat your
experiment
Diagram- draw a labelled diagram
using a ruler to show how the
Results
Conclusion
Which 2 metals created the
smallest voltage- why?
Which 2 metals created the
largest voltage- why?
Lesson Starter
What two metals gave the
biggest voltage- why was
this?
Experiment
Aim
To find out the effect of
increasing concentration of
the electrolyte on the size of
voltage
Method
1.
2.
3.
Collect a beaker, 2 electrodes,
different concentrations of
electrolyte, 2 wires, multi-meter
Test voltage produced with each
electrolyte- make sure to rinse
beaker in between and record
results
Put equipment away
Results
Concentration of
electrolyte
Voltage(V)
Conclusion
●
What effect has the increase in
concentration had on the voltage?
Extension Task
Draw a line graph of your
results
Lesson Starter
On the graph paper provided, draw
a line graph to show the following
results
Concentration of Electrolyte (%)
10%
30%
40%
50%
90%
Voltage (volts)
122
136
147
149
169
Learning Intention
To learn about resistance
● To find out if the length of
wire effects resistance
●
Think, pair, share..
Think (20 seconds in silence)
Pair (20 seconds each talking with partner)
Share (share ideas with the rest of the class)
What does RESISTANCE
mean?
●
All parts of circuit try STOP electrons
●
Resist flow of electrons
●
RESISTANCE
●
More difficult to get through = more
resistance (vice versa)
●
Resistance increases-current decreases
●
Ohmeter
●
Ohms (Ω)
●
Affected by length, thickness, type of wire
What is resistance?
(copy)
●
●
●
●
The wires and the other components in a
circuit reduces the flow of charge (current)
through them. This is called resistance.
Resistance is measured in OHMS (Ω)
using an ohmmeter.
Resistance can be affected by the length,
thickness and type of wire.
As resistance increases, the current of the
circuit will decrease.
Task
To find out the effect of length
of wire on resistance
Follow instructions on handout to
carry out the investigation
Aim
To find out the effect of the length of the wire
on the resistance in a circuit.
Hypothesis
What do you think the effect will be?
“I think that…”
Method
Apparatus list- Write down a list of
everything you used
Step by step instructions- Write down a set
of instructions that someone else can follow
to copy the experiment
Diagram- Draw a diagram of how the
experiment is set up
Results
Copy your results table and cut and stick your
graph
Length of wire (cm)
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Resistance (ohms)
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.5
0.55
0.65
Conclusion
●
●
●
From your results, does the
length of the wire affect
resistance?
What is your proof?
Does this agree with your
hypothesis?
Lesson Starter
Describe the relationship
between RESISTANCE and
LENGTH OF WIRE.
Learning Intention
To carry out an investigation
and find out which wire is the
best conductor.
Hello young scientists!
Here is my challenge for you.
I own a large electronic company. I use
thick and thin copper wires in all my
products.
As far as I know copper wire is the best
conductor of electricity. I have been told
that a new metal wire called Nichrome is
a much better conductor.
I want you to carry out an investigation
to advise me!
Your investigation should include:
o
A circuit design
o
Results presented in a table or graph
o
A conclusion in the form of a letter AND a
presentation
You can use:

1 electric cell

1 lamp

1 ammeter

4 wire leads

The wires under test
*Hint*
The best conductor will
have the highest current
Results
Type of Wire
Thick Nichrome
Thick copper
Thin Constantine
Thin Nichrome
Thin copper
Current
Letter (individual)
Write a letter to Sir Alan Sugar with a
brief outline of your findings and
requesting a meeting so you can give
a detailed pitch of your findings.
Write your letter as if you were in
English. Spelling, grammar and
presentation are all important.
Presentation Pitch (group work)
Create a poster which you will then present
to Sir Alan sugar himself.
Your poster should:
●
●
●
●
Have lots of information regarding the work you
have carried out
Be bright and eye catching
Have evidence of work from EVERY group
member
Come to a clear conclusion
Lesson Starter
Write down a list of the parts of a CAR
that require a circuit.
Learning Intention
To apply your knowledge and build
circuits for inside a car
How could the car's headlights be connected?
For safety reasons, we have to make sure that if
one light goes out- the other stays on.
Challenge 1
Build a circuit with 2 bulbs where if one is disconnected- the other
doesn't go off.
1) Make the circuit
2) Draw the circuit on paper using the correct symbols.
3) Discuss with those in your group, where else this sort of circuit
could be used
We need a circuit for the 2 reading lights in the
back seat.
They should switch on and off separately.
Challenge 2
●
Construct a circuit with 2 bulbs- each of which can be switched on and off
separately from each other.
●
1) Build the circuit
●
2) Draw the circuit on paper using the correct symbols
We want to make sure the car lights
aren't left on by mistake
We need a master switch- when the car's ignition is turned
off- both lights will go out.
Challenge 3
●
Construct a circuit with 2 bulbs where each bulb can be switched off without
affecting the other. Include a master switch so that the bulbs will only work when
the master switch is on.
●
1) build the circuit
●
2) draw the circuit
For the interior light- the bulb should be switched on by
either opening the driver or passenger door.
Challenge 4
●
Construct a circuit with one bulb operated by two
switches- the bulb must come on when either
switch is switched on.
●
1) build the circuit
●
2) draw the circuit
Tweet your answers #CarCircuits
On a post it, give an
example of a circuit
used in a car. Draw
the circuit using the
correct symbols and
explain its use.