Download Prelude to War

Unit 4: A Nation Divided
Lesson 5: Civil War Leaders and
Battles part 2
EOCT Review Questions
• Who was the President of the United States in
1861?
• Who was the only President of the Confederate
States of America (CSA)?
• Who was Robert E. Lee’s “right arm”, and how
did he die?
• What was the first battle of the Civil War?
1. Why do you think the
Union’s population was so
much larger than the
population in the
Confederacy?
2. What Union advantages are
portrayed in these graphs?
3. Why would the loss of lives
in the Battles be so
devastating to the
Confederacy?
1. What Union advantages
are portrayed in these
graphs?
2. After looking at these
graphs, why do you
think a Union blockade
on the Southern ports
was a good strategy?
3. Why would the loss of
the control of the
Mississippi River hurt
the Confederacy?
Lincoln suspends habeas corpus (1862)
 habeas corpus is a person’s right not to be imprisoned unless
charged with a crime and given a trial
 After a string of draft riots in many northern cities, Lincoln
decided to suspend habeas corpus. If someone opposed the war,
they could be detained without a trial
 Lincoln suspended these common rights in an effort to stop
anyone from resisting the Union’s cause
Antietam: September 1862
• Lee marched into Maryland hoping that a Southern victory would
convince the North to settle for peace, gain support from the British, and
find food for his men
• The two armies fought at Antietam, which became the bloodiest one-day
battle in American history (6,000 dead, 16,000 wounded)
• Lee is forced to retreat back into Virginia
• The Union victory led
Lincoln to issue the
Emancipation
Proclamation
What might have happened if
Lee defeated the Union Army
at Antietam?
Emancipation Proclamation
• Lincoln, amid growing war casualties, used the Union
victory at Antietam to issue the Emancipation Proclamation
in September 1862 and to punish the rebelling states.
• The Proclamation:
-freed only those slaves in the states in rebellion
-did not free the slaves in the border states
-gave the Union
Army another
reason to fight: the
liberation of slaves
Which slave states were
unaffected by the
Proclamation?
Why did Lincoln plan
this?
Gettysburg (PA): July 1st - 3rd 1863
 Lee again decided to invade the North in hope that the North
would settle for peace
 Lee wanted supplies and food from the urban Union towns.
 Largest Battle of Civil War (160,000 men involved)
 The South loses 7,000 men in under 30 minutes of fighting
 Southern defeat and turning point of the war
Gettysburg (PA): July 1st-3rd 1863
• Lee retreated on July 4th, having lost 1/3 of his entire
fighting force
• The loss forces the South to fight a defensive war and
strengthened the will of the North to continue the fight
Why do you think
Gettysburg is considered
the turning point of the war?
Gettysburg Address
In November 1863, Lincoln
gave his now famous speech
at Gettysburg to dedicate the
Gettysburg National
Cemetery
Lincoln used the speech to
redefine the purpose of
fighting the war: the
reunification of the
Union
http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/gettysburgaddress.htm
Vicksburg (MS) July 4th 1863
• By 1863, Vicksburg was the last major Confederate
stronghold on the Mississippi River
• Grant launched a siege of the city in May 1863 cutting off it’s
food supply and placing it under constant bombardment
• The Confederate forces surrender
July 4th 1863, which gave the
Union complete control of the
Mississippi River and cut the
Confederacy in half
Which Confederate states were isolated
from the rest of the South with the fall of
Vicksburg?
Battle for Atlanta: August 1864
• Sherman marched his army south towards Atlanta, a major
railroad center in the South
• He ordered all civilians out of the city and then began to burn
and destroy everything of military value
• Atlanta was the beginning of Sherman’s “March to the Sea”
and helped the Republican Party gain political strength
http://www.history.com/videos/shermans-last-obstacle-battle-of-fort-mcallister#shermans-lastobstacle-battle-of-fort-mcallister
Surrender at Appomattox
• Lee was taken over by Grant’s forces;
Sherman on his way to meet Grant…
• With that news, Davis and other Confederate
leaders abandon Confederate Capital
• April 9, 1865 – Lee and Grant arrange
surrender at the Appomattox Court
House
Surrender Terms
• Lincoln’s Decision
–No need to further separate the Union
–Lee’s soldiers were paroled and
sent home…
• Was there a lot of punishment
involved?
Bell Ringer
1. What was the bloodiest one-day battle in
American history?
2. What battle was the turning point of the Civil
War?
3. Where were the documents signed to end the
Civil War?
4. What document freed all the slaves in rebelling
territories?
Social Changes
• Emancipation Proclamation only freed
who???
• Lincoln wanted Constitutional Amendment
to abolish slavery – didn’t pass in 1864
• 1866 – Congress ratified the 13th
Amendment
Costs of War
• Human lives
–
–
–
–
–
360,000 Union Soldiers died
260,000 Confederate Soldiers died
TOTAL DEAD: 620,000
500,000 Total Wounded
10% of population in military
• Monetary Costs
– $3.3 Billion
Casualties of American Wars
1.
World War II
407,316
2.
World War I
116,708
3.
Vietnamese Conflict
58,168
4.
Korean Conflict
54,246
5.
American Revolution
4,435
6.
Spanish-American War
2,456
7.
War of 1812
2,260
8.
Mexican War
1,733
9.
Indian Wars
1,000
10. Gulf War
TOTAL
293
648,615
How do the
casualties of the
Civil War
compare
to the casualties
of other
American wars?
Civil War Casualties
Union
Confederate
TOTAL
360,000
260,000
620,000
There were nearly as many casualties in
the Civil War as in all of America's other
wars combined.
Exit Ticket!
1. How was the Emancipation Proclamation a key
part of Lincoln’s military strategy in the Civil
War?
2. What were the strengths and weaknesses of the
Union and Confederacy during the Battles of
Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg,
and the Battle for Atlanta?