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Bacterial conjugation Is a primitive form of sexual reproduction, since two parent cells are involved. The benefit is that new combinations of inherited characteristics may result. This process is not actually reproduction, because there is no increase in the number of cells, however it does result in genetic recombination. The newly created cell can then divide by binary fission, to create identical cells with the new genetic material. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OEdX4MaMFE Topic 4: Wearing Your Genes Heritable traits are characteristics that are passed on from parents to offspring through genetic material. The differences between individuals is called variation. Heritable traits include, structural and distinguishing characteristics, such as eye color, hair type, skin color and earlobes. Continuous variations are traits that have a range of possible variations, such as height, shoe size, hand span, skin color, hair color, etc. Discrete variations are differences in characteristics that have a definite form, with a limited number of possibilities. Examples include: tongue rolling ability, blood groups, earlobe attachment, hairline, etc. The study of inheritance is called genetics. Genes occur in pairs, with one of each pair coming form each parent. Genes may be dominant or recessive. A dominant gene is always expressed in the person, so if you inherit one of each, you will show the dominant characteristic. A recessive gene will only be expressed if it is donated from both parents.