- Journal of Clinical Investigation
... rate of fertilization in humans has contributed to sustained increases in the world population and added urgency to the need to develop new, effective contraceptive agents. For some, however, the success rate is considerably lower, and there are millions of infertile couples in the United States. Dr ...
... rate of fertilization in humans has contributed to sustained increases in the world population and added urgency to the need to develop new, effective contraceptive agents. For some, however, the success rate is considerably lower, and there are millions of infertile couples in the United States. Dr ...
الشريحة 1
... These are where the pericarp becomes dry, this group includes: i- Legume: fruit formed from one carpel which splits along both dorsal and ventral sutures as senna pods. ...
... These are where the pericarp becomes dry, this group includes: i- Legume: fruit formed from one carpel which splits along both dorsal and ventral sutures as senna pods. ...
This article was originally published in the Encyclopedia of
... A. Opsins arose before eyes and evolved into at least seven distinct families. Opsin gene duplications gave rise to the independent evolution of three-color vision in Old and New World primates. Wavelength sensitivity in photoreceptors is modulated by amino acid side groups adjacent to the chromopho ...
... A. Opsins arose before eyes and evolved into at least seven distinct families. Opsin gene duplications gave rise to the independent evolution of three-color vision in Old and New World primates. Wavelength sensitivity in photoreceptors is modulated by amino acid side groups adjacent to the chromopho ...
video slide - Course
... (b) Plant development. In plants with seeds, a complete embryo develops within the seed. Morphogenesis, which involves cell division and cell wall expansion rather than cell or tissue movement, occurs throughout the plant’s lifetime. Apical meristems (purple) continuously arise and develop into the ...
... (b) Plant development. In plants with seeds, a complete embryo develops within the seed. Morphogenesis, which involves cell division and cell wall expansion rather than cell or tissue movement, occurs throughout the plant’s lifetime. Apical meristems (purple) continuously arise and develop into the ...
video slide - Biology Junction
... (b) Plant development. In plants with seeds, a complete embryo develops within the seed. Morphogenesis, which involves cell division and cell wall expansion rather than cell or tissue movement, occurs throughout the plant’s lifetime. Apical meristems (purple) continuously arise and develop into the ...
... (b) Plant development. In plants with seeds, a complete embryo develops within the seed. Morphogenesis, which involves cell division and cell wall expansion rather than cell or tissue movement, occurs throughout the plant’s lifetime. Apical meristems (purple) continuously arise and develop into the ...
Project Report
... Limb muscles are derived from Pax3 expressing migratory myoblasts which delaminate from the hypaxial somite, migrate into the limb and then begin to differentiate and express muscle determination genes such as MyoD. Expression of these genes is regulated by a combination of inductive and repressive ...
... Limb muscles are derived from Pax3 expressing migratory myoblasts which delaminate from the hypaxial somite, migrate into the limb and then begin to differentiate and express muscle determination genes such as MyoD. Expression of these genes is regulated by a combination of inductive and repressive ...
INTRODUCTION TO : The Embryology of the Skeletal System
... specifies cells to be dorsal, establishing the dorsoventral components. In addition, WNT7a maintains SHH expression in the ZPA and therefore indirectly affects anteroposteriorpatterning as well. These two genes are also intimately linked in signaling pathways in Drosophila, and this interaction is c ...
... specifies cells to be dorsal, establishing the dorsoventral components. In addition, WNT7a maintains SHH expression in the ZPA and therefore indirectly affects anteroposteriorpatterning as well. These two genes are also intimately linked in signaling pathways in Drosophila, and this interaction is c ...
Scholarly Interest Report
... evolved the ability to undergo adaptive changes in physiology and development. The mechanisms by which plants sense environmental stresses, transduce signals into cells and ...
... evolved the ability to undergo adaptive changes in physiology and development. The mechanisms by which plants sense environmental stresses, transduce signals into cells and ...
Vocabulary
... Totipotent: able to divide to produce an entire new organism (most plant cells, some animal cells). ...
... Totipotent: able to divide to produce an entire new organism (most plant cells, some animal cells). ...
genes - 基因體學講義
... ES cellsare cells in an early animal embryo that differentiate during development to give rise to all the specialized cells in the body. Development- the process from fertilized egg to embryo Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... ES cellsare cells in an early animal embryo that differentiate during development to give rise to all the specialized cells in the body. Development- the process from fertilized egg to embryo Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Cycles Ch 3 BI
... Reproduction is one of the characteristics of living things. Living things reproduce to ensure that their own kind will continue to live on. Otherwise, they will become extinct. During reproduction, the parents’ genes are passed on to their offspring through the sperm and the egg. Since genes contro ...
... Reproduction is one of the characteristics of living things. Living things reproduce to ensure that their own kind will continue to live on. Otherwise, they will become extinct. During reproduction, the parents’ genes are passed on to their offspring through the sperm and the egg. Since genes contro ...
Glossary - Genetics
... Abnormal: Any change from the ‘correct’ or ‘usual’. It may not necessarily mean harmful or undesirable; it can equally mean atypical, unusual or uncommon. When used in reference to genes, an abnormal gene may result in a specific genetic condition. Acrocentric: Acrocentric chromosomes are those with ...
... Abnormal: Any change from the ‘correct’ or ‘usual’. It may not necessarily mean harmful or undesirable; it can equally mean atypical, unusual or uncommon. When used in reference to genes, an abnormal gene may result in a specific genetic condition. Acrocentric: Acrocentric chromosomes are those with ...
The Role of Differential Gene Expression in Cell Differentiation
... • Another type of incomplete cleavage, called superficial cleavage, occurs in Drosophila and other insects. • The yolk is in the center of insect eggs. In early development, mitosis occurs but not cytokinesis. The nuclei migrate to the periphery of the egg, and the plasma membrane grows inward, part ...
... • Another type of incomplete cleavage, called superficial cleavage, occurs in Drosophila and other insects. • The yolk is in the center of insect eggs. In early development, mitosis occurs but not cytokinesis. The nuclei migrate to the periphery of the egg, and the plasma membrane grows inward, part ...
video slide
... pattern formation in plants than in animals • The embryonic development of most plants occurs inside the seed, and thus is relatively inaccessible to study • However, other important aspects of plant development are observable in plant meristems, particularly apical meristems at the tips of shoots • ...
... pattern formation in plants than in animals • The embryonic development of most plants occurs inside the seed, and thus is relatively inaccessible to study • However, other important aspects of plant development are observable in plant meristems, particularly apical meristems at the tips of shoots • ...
Chapter 21 - Genetic Development
... pattern formation in plants than in animals • The embryonic development of most plants occurs inside the seed, and thus is relatively inaccessible to study • However, other important aspects of plant development are observable in plant meristems, particularly apical meristems at the tips of shoots • ...
... pattern formation in plants than in animals • The embryonic development of most plants occurs inside the seed, and thus is relatively inaccessible to study • However, other important aspects of plant development are observable in plant meristems, particularly apical meristems at the tips of shoots • ...
Acquisition of Retinoic Acid Signaling Pathway and
... regionalization in the putative hindbrain region, the expression pattern of Hox genes is also similar to that in vertebrates (Katsuyama et al., 1995; Gionti et al., 1998; Locascio et al., 1999; Wada et al., 1999; Nagatomo and Fujiwara, 2003). RA affects the Hox gene expression pattern in amphioxus ( ...
... regionalization in the putative hindbrain region, the expression pattern of Hox genes is also similar to that in vertebrates (Katsuyama et al., 1995; Gionti et al., 1998; Locascio et al., 1999; Wada et al., 1999; Nagatomo and Fujiwara, 2003). RA affects the Hox gene expression pattern in amphioxus ( ...
Pax1/Pax9-Related Genes in an Agnathan Vertebrate, Lampetra
... Among the transcription factor gene families, Pax genes play important and unique roles in morphological patterning of animal body plans. Of these, Group I Pax genes (Pax1 and Pax9) are expressed in the endodermal pharyngeal pouches in many groups of deuterostomes, and vertebrates seem to have acqui ...
... Among the transcription factor gene families, Pax genes play important and unique roles in morphological patterning of animal body plans. Of these, Group I Pax genes (Pax1 and Pax9) are expressed in the endodermal pharyngeal pouches in many groups of deuterostomes, and vertebrates seem to have acqui ...
TONI GABALDÓN Biography Toni Gabaldón is a biochemist and
... footprints of RNA secondary structure. This will allow us to trace the conservation of lncRNA structures across species, information that, in turn, will be instrumental for the informed ...
... footprints of RNA secondary structure. This will allow us to trace the conservation of lncRNA structures across species, information that, in turn, will be instrumental for the informed ...
Developmental Genomics
... erythropoeitin. In this case the cells themselves are not defective but the phenotype is caused by failure to induce proper growth and differentiation of reticulocytes. Giving back the hormone would "cure" the defect. Epithelial-mesenchymal inductions: In many organ systems the development of the or ...
... erythropoeitin. In this case the cells themselves are not defective but the phenotype is caused by failure to induce proper growth and differentiation of reticulocytes. Giving back the hormone would "cure" the defect. Epithelial-mesenchymal inductions: In many organ systems the development of the or ...
Conservation and co-option in developmental programmes: the
... One of the surprising insights gained from research in evolutionary developmental biology (evodevo) is that increasing diversity in body plans and morphology in organisms across animal phyla are not reflected in similarly dramatic changes at the level of gene composition of their genomes. For instan ...
... One of the surprising insights gained from research in evolutionary developmental biology (evodevo) is that increasing diversity in body plans and morphology in organisms across animal phyla are not reflected in similarly dramatic changes at the level of gene composition of their genomes. For instan ...
ABC model of flower development
Flower development is the process by which angiosperms produce a pattern of gene expression in meristems that leads to the appearance of an organ oriented towards sexual reproduction, a flower. There are three physiological developments that must occur in order for this to take place: firstly, the plant must pass from sexual immaturity into a sexually mature state (i.e. a transition towards flowering); secondly, the transformation of the apical meristem’s function from a vegetative meristem into a floral meristem or inflorescence; and finally the growth of the flower’s individual organs. The latter phase has been modelled using the ABC model, which endeavours to describe the biological basis of the process from the perspective of molecular and developmental genetics.An external stimulus is required in order to trigger the differentiation of the meristem into a flower. This stimulus will activate mitotic cell division in the meristem, particularly on its sides where new primordia are formed. This same stimulus will also cause the meristem to follow a developmental pattern that will lead to the growth of floral meristems as opposed to vegetative meristems. The main difference between these two types of meristem, apart from the obvious disparity between the objective organ, is the verticillate (or whorled) phyllotaxis, that is, the absence of stem elongation among the successive whorls or verticils of the primordium. These verticils follow an acropetal development, giving rise to sepals, petals, stamens and carpels. Another difference from vegetative axillary meristems is that the floral meristem is «determined», which means that, once differentiated, its cells will no longer divide.The identity of the organs present in the four floral verticils is a consequence of the interaction of at least three types of gene products, each with distinct functions. According to the ABC model, functions A and C are required in order to determine the identity of the verticils of the perianth and the reproductive verticils, respectively. These functions are exclusive and the absence of one of them means that the other will determine the identity of all the floral verticils. The B function allows the differentiation of petals from sepals in the secondary verticil, as well as the differentiation of the stamen from the carpel on the tertiary verticil.Goethe’s «foliar theory» was formulated in the 18th century and it suggests that the constituent parts of a flower are structurally modified leaves, which are functionally specialized for reproduction or protection. The theory was first published in 1790 in the essay ""Metamorphosis of Plants"" (""Versuch die Metamorphose der Pflanzen zu erklaren""). where Goethe wrote:""...we may equally well say that a stamen is a contracted petal, as that a petal is a stamen in a state of expansion; or that a sepal is a contracted stem leaf approaching a certain stage of refinement, as that a stem leaf is a sepal expanded by the influx of cruder saps"".