Conservation and co-option in developmental programmes: the
... One of the surprising insights gained from research in evolutionary developmental biology (evodevo) is that increasing diversity in body plans and morphology in organisms across animal phyla are not reflected in similarly dramatic changes at the level of gene composition of their genomes. For instan ...
... One of the surprising insights gained from research in evolutionary developmental biology (evodevo) is that increasing diversity in body plans and morphology in organisms across animal phyla are not reflected in similarly dramatic changes at the level of gene composition of their genomes. For instan ...
worksheet: classifying mammals
... An organism’s characteristics are determined by genes. Our skin, eye and hair colour, height, weight, sex and blood group are examples of characteristics which are determined by genes. We human beings have about 30,000 genes, but simpler organisms have a lot fewer genes. The more genes that humans h ...
... An organism’s characteristics are determined by genes. Our skin, eye and hair colour, height, weight, sex and blood group are examples of characteristics which are determined by genes. We human beings have about 30,000 genes, but simpler organisms have a lot fewer genes. The more genes that humans h ...
ppt - Chair of Computational Biology
... (2) the regulatory genome. This is similar for all cells in the organism. Every gene contains regulatory sequences that control when and where it is expressed. The regulatory sequences are arranged in units that are termed cis-regulatory modules. Every cis-regulatory module contains a cluster of dif ...
... (2) the regulatory genome. This is similar for all cells in the organism. Every gene contains regulatory sequences that control when and where it is expressed. The regulatory sequences are arranged in units that are termed cis-regulatory modules. Every cis-regulatory module contains a cluster of dif ...
cell division - The Virtual Plant
... The vascular cambium is the source of all needed (secondary) differentiation in plants. It contains two systems, the secondary xylem, and the secondary phloem tissue. Each of these tissues is complex, and is developed and has evolved for specific functions – the xylem for the transport of water and ...
... The vascular cambium is the source of all needed (secondary) differentiation in plants. It contains two systems, the secondary xylem, and the secondary phloem tissue. Each of these tissues is complex, and is developed and has evolved for specific functions – the xylem for the transport of water and ...
chapter twenty-one
... The adult brain contains stem cells that continue to produce certain kinds of nerve cells. Although adult animals have only tiny numbers of stem cells, scientists are learning to identify, isolate, and culture these cells from various tissues. Under some culture conditions, with the addition o ...
... The adult brain contains stem cells that continue to produce certain kinds of nerve cells. Although adult animals have only tiny numbers of stem cells, scientists are learning to identify, isolate, and culture these cells from various tissues. Under some culture conditions, with the addition o ...
Primary Growth, Meristems
... PRIMARY GROWTH A PLANT STARTS OFF LIFE AS AN EMBRYO. AS IT GROWS THE ADDITION OF NEW CELLS IS GRADUALLY RESTRICTED TO CERTAIN PARTS OF THE PLANT BODY. AN ADULT PLANT IS A COMPOSITE OF ADULT AND JUVENILE TISSUES. THE PERPETUALLY YOUNG TISSUE – PRIMARILY CONCERNED WITH THE FORMATION OF NEW CELLS – ARE ...
... PRIMARY GROWTH A PLANT STARTS OFF LIFE AS AN EMBRYO. AS IT GROWS THE ADDITION OF NEW CELLS IS GRADUALLY RESTRICTED TO CERTAIN PARTS OF THE PLANT BODY. AN ADULT PLANT IS A COMPOSITE OF ADULT AND JUVENILE TISSUES. THE PERPETUALLY YOUNG TISSUE – PRIMARILY CONCERNED WITH THE FORMATION OF NEW CELLS – ARE ...
21.1
... I. The fact that a mature plant cell can dedifferentiate (reverse its function) and give rise to all the different kinds of specialized cells of a new plant shows that differentiation does not necessarily involve irreversible changes in the DNA. J. In plants, at least, cells can remain totipotent. 1 ...
... I. The fact that a mature plant cell can dedifferentiate (reverse its function) and give rise to all the different kinds of specialized cells of a new plant shows that differentiation does not necessarily involve irreversible changes in the DNA. J. In plants, at least, cells can remain totipotent. 1 ...
chapter42_part1 - Lower Cape May Regional School District
... Take-Home Message: What are the effects of ...
... Take-Home Message: What are the effects of ...
Binary fission is the simplest method of reproduction. In binary
... however, is to produce seeds for new plants. Seeds develop in flowers as a result of pollination, which requires two parent plants. Reproduction that requires two parents is called sexual reproduction. In sexual reproduction, both a male and a female parent are involved. Each parent has special orga ...
... however, is to produce seeds for new plants. Seeds develop in flowers as a result of pollination, which requires two parent plants. Reproduction that requires two parents is called sexual reproduction. In sexual reproduction, both a male and a female parent are involved. Each parent has special orga ...
Genetics of Plant Disease - Missouri State University
... • Plant apparently Recognizes Pathogen Elicitors • Activates Cascade of Genes • Recognition Response also Leads to Activation of other Defense-Related Genes that Result in other Types of Resistance, including Horizontal Resistance ...
... • Plant apparently Recognizes Pathogen Elicitors • Activates Cascade of Genes • Recognition Response also Leads to Activation of other Defense-Related Genes that Result in other Types of Resistance, including Horizontal Resistance ...
Your Inner Fish - 06_Chapter Six
... bodies? If you ever thought that flies are unimportant, consider this: mutations in flies gave us important clues to the major body plan genes active in human embryos. We put this kind of thinking to use in the discovery of genes that build fingers and toes. Now we’ll see how it tells us about the ...
... bodies? If you ever thought that flies are unimportant, consider this: mutations in flies gave us important clues to the major body plan genes active in human embryos. We put this kind of thinking to use in the discovery of genes that build fingers and toes. Now we’ll see how it tells us about the ...
Work sheet for assignment 11
... normal until the late gastrula stage. This indicates that Stored proteins control development until late gastrulation. mRNA from the embryonic DNA is needed at late gastrulation. Cytoplasmic factors are not important in early development of the frog embryo. Proteins are not synthesized by the embryo ...
... normal until the late gastrula stage. This indicates that Stored proteins control development until late gastrulation. mRNA from the embryonic DNA is needed at late gastrulation. Cytoplasmic factors are not important in early development of the frog embryo. Proteins are not synthesized by the embryo ...
General ideas and radical concepts in epigenetics and
... In the past gene expression patterns and translation of genetics information was thought to be contained with in the DNA, a set of instructions telling embryonic cells or stem cell to distinguish itself by developing into a hepatocyte, skin cell or one of thousands of different cells contained in t ...
... In the past gene expression patterns and translation of genetics information was thought to be contained with in the DNA, a set of instructions telling embryonic cells or stem cell to distinguish itself by developing into a hepatocyte, skin cell or one of thousands of different cells contained in t ...
19) Differential Gene expression in Development
... 10.2 Development and Evolutionary change Modularity also allows the timing of developmental processes to be independent—heterochrony. The neck vertebrae of giraffes are much longer than those of other mammals. Bone growth is stopped by a signal that results in death of chondrocytes (cartilage-produ ...
... 10.2 Development and Evolutionary change Modularity also allows the timing of developmental processes to be independent—heterochrony. The neck vertebrae of giraffes are much longer than those of other mammals. Bone growth is stopped by a signal that results in death of chondrocytes (cartilage-produ ...
Teacher notes and student sheets
... There is an element of design in all babies. The list below shows all the techniques which have been, or might one day be used. How far down the list do you think the term “designer babies” starts to apply? If you do not understand all the terms used see the glossary below. Consider the list as a li ...
... There is an element of design in all babies. The list below shows all the techniques which have been, or might one day be used. How far down the list do you think the term “designer babies” starts to apply? If you do not understand all the terms used see the glossary below. Consider the list as a li ...
6 - Coastalzone
... He deduced that during the formation of gametes (haplod reproductive cells), the two alleles separate from one another so that each gamete has only one of the alleles. ...
... He deduced that during the formation of gametes (haplod reproductive cells), the two alleles separate from one another so that each gamete has only one of the alleles. ...
dragon genetics lab
... from side facing up show sexual reproduction? 2. Explain how dropping the green, yellow, blue, and red sticks shows that genes are randomly mixed when they are passed on. 3. The gene for fangs is recessive, but most of the dragons have fangs. How can this happen? [Hint. The gene that causes dwarfism ...
... from side facing up show sexual reproduction? 2. Explain how dropping the green, yellow, blue, and red sticks shows that genes are randomly mixed when they are passed on. 3. The gene for fangs is recessive, but most of the dragons have fangs. How can this happen? [Hint. The gene that causes dwarfism ...
Chapter 06 Lecture Outline
... • Genes are passed unaltered from generation to generation (except for rare mutations) • Expression of the genes in the offspring directly ...
... • Genes are passed unaltered from generation to generation (except for rare mutations) • Expression of the genes in the offspring directly ...
Lecture PPT
... Different Hierarchical Components of Gene Regulatory Networks 1. ‘‘Kernels’’ of the GRN: Evolutionarily inflexible subcircuits (of regulatory genes) that perform essential upstream functions in building given body parts main differences among phyla 2. ‘‘Plug-ins’’ of the GRN: Certain small subcir ...
... Different Hierarchical Components of Gene Regulatory Networks 1. ‘‘Kernels’’ of the GRN: Evolutionarily inflexible subcircuits (of regulatory genes) that perform essential upstream functions in building given body parts main differences among phyla 2. ‘‘Plug-ins’’ of the GRN: Certain small subcir ...
cours Kmita mars 2017
... - Body development relies on a posterior elongation process with posterior tissues being formed last. Thereby, the sequential activation of Hox genes in time leads to the differential expression along the A-P axis (spatial collinearity). - The posterior elongation process itself is tightly linked to ...
... - Body development relies on a posterior elongation process with posterior tissues being formed last. Thereby, the sequential activation of Hox genes in time leads to the differential expression along the A-P axis (spatial collinearity). - The posterior elongation process itself is tightly linked to ...
Chapter 7 Notes Heterozygous (Bb) – the alleles given are both
... Autosomes or autosomal chromosomes or body cells – chromosome ...
... Autosomes or autosomal chromosomes or body cells – chromosome ...
PPT File
... Concept 14.3 Spatial Differences in Gene Expression Lead to Morphogenesis Maternal effect genes produce cytoplasmic determinants in unequal distributions in the egg. Two genes—bicoid and nanos—determine the anterior–posterior axis. Their mRNAs diffuse to the anterior end of the egg. Bicoid protein ...
... Concept 14.3 Spatial Differences in Gene Expression Lead to Morphogenesis Maternal effect genes produce cytoplasmic determinants in unequal distributions in the egg. Two genes—bicoid and nanos—determine the anterior–posterior axis. Their mRNAs diffuse to the anterior end of the egg. Bicoid protein ...
PDF
... neurons. These neurons form dendritic trees with cell-type-specific patterns of arborisation in which dendrite branches from the same neuron avoid each other. Recognition molecules on the surfaces of dendrites influence arborisation patterns by promoting attractive, repulsive or adhesive responses t ...
... neurons. These neurons form dendritic trees with cell-type-specific patterns of arborisation in which dendrite branches from the same neuron avoid each other. Recognition molecules on the surfaces of dendrites influence arborisation patterns by promoting attractive, repulsive or adhesive responses t ...
ABC model of flower development
Flower development is the process by which angiosperms produce a pattern of gene expression in meristems that leads to the appearance of an organ oriented towards sexual reproduction, a flower. There are three physiological developments that must occur in order for this to take place: firstly, the plant must pass from sexual immaturity into a sexually mature state (i.e. a transition towards flowering); secondly, the transformation of the apical meristem’s function from a vegetative meristem into a floral meristem or inflorescence; and finally the growth of the flower’s individual organs. The latter phase has been modelled using the ABC model, which endeavours to describe the biological basis of the process from the perspective of molecular and developmental genetics.An external stimulus is required in order to trigger the differentiation of the meristem into a flower. This stimulus will activate mitotic cell division in the meristem, particularly on its sides where new primordia are formed. This same stimulus will also cause the meristem to follow a developmental pattern that will lead to the growth of floral meristems as opposed to vegetative meristems. The main difference between these two types of meristem, apart from the obvious disparity between the objective organ, is the verticillate (or whorled) phyllotaxis, that is, the absence of stem elongation among the successive whorls or verticils of the primordium. These verticils follow an acropetal development, giving rise to sepals, petals, stamens and carpels. Another difference from vegetative axillary meristems is that the floral meristem is «determined», which means that, once differentiated, its cells will no longer divide.The identity of the organs present in the four floral verticils is a consequence of the interaction of at least three types of gene products, each with distinct functions. According to the ABC model, functions A and C are required in order to determine the identity of the verticils of the perianth and the reproductive verticils, respectively. These functions are exclusive and the absence of one of them means that the other will determine the identity of all the floral verticils. The B function allows the differentiation of petals from sepals in the secondary verticil, as well as the differentiation of the stamen from the carpel on the tertiary verticil.Goethe’s «foliar theory» was formulated in the 18th century and it suggests that the constituent parts of a flower are structurally modified leaves, which are functionally specialized for reproduction or protection. The theory was first published in 1790 in the essay ""Metamorphosis of Plants"" (""Versuch die Metamorphose der Pflanzen zu erklaren""). where Goethe wrote:""...we may equally well say that a stamen is a contracted petal, as that a petal is a stamen in a state of expansion; or that a sepal is a contracted stem leaf approaching a certain stage of refinement, as that a stem leaf is a sepal expanded by the influx of cruder saps"".