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Definition:
the fruit is the whole product of the
development of the gynaecium as a
result of fertilization. Sometimes other
parts of the flower in addition to the
gynaecium participate in the
production of the fruit.
Fruits
True Fruit
Simple Fruits
dry dehiscent
False Fruit
Composite Fruit
Aggregate Fruits
dry indehiscent Dry Schizocarpic
Succulent
True fruit: fruit is formed from the gynaecium
of a single flower alone.
false fruit: when other parts of the flower
take part in its formation.
composite fruit :If the fruit is formed from
the whole inflorescence and not from a
single flower.
True Fruits
True fruits are either simple; formed
from a single ovary e.g. Senna
pods or aggregate formed from an
apocarpus gynaecium e.g. star
anise.
Simple Fruits
a- Simple dry dehiscent fruits:
These are where the pericarp becomes dry,
this group includes:
i- Legume: fruit formed from one carpel which
splits along both dorsal and ventral sutures
as senna pods.
ii- Follicle: fruit
formed from
one carpel
which
dehisces by
the inner
suture only.
iii- Capsule: fruit
is derived from
a syncarpous
ovary, it is many
seeded fruit e.g.
Papaver.
iv- Silique: fruit
from two carpels
with a septum
in-between, it
splits to expose
seed along
central
membrane
(mustards).
fruits b- Simple dry indehiscent
the pericarp becomes dry and do not
split open when ripe. They include
the following types:
i- Achene: oneseeded fruit
formed of one
carpel, the
pericarp is free
from the testa.
ii- Caryopsis or
grain: it is an
achene in which
the pericarp and
testa are fused
together as wheat.
iii- Nut: similar to achene
but usually bigger, formed
of two or three carpels.
The nut has a hard and
woody or leathery
pericarp.
iv- samara: it is winged,
one seeded fruit
formed of one carpel
or of more carpels.
The wings are
membranous
development from the
pericarp.
C- Simple dry schizocarpic or
splitting fruits
The pericarp becomes dry, they are two to
many seeded they split up into a number of
one-seeded indehiscent parts called
mericarps. They include several types but
the most familiar type is cremocarp.
Cremocarp:
formed of two carpels, the
ovary is inferior and
bilocular, the cremocarp
splits longitudinally
between the two locules
into two one-seeded
mericarps as in
Umbelliferae e.g. anise,
Fennel,…
d- Simple succulent fruits
i- Drupe: the fruit derived
from one or more
carpels. The ovary is
superior or inferior
unilocular, the epicarp
is leathery the
mesocarp is fleshy the
endocarp is hard and
enclosing a single seed
as Olive.
ii- Berry: the fruit
is formed from
one or more
carpels and the
pericarp is
entirely fleshy. It
is usually many
seeded as
Orange, Lemon.
II- False Fruits
they are derived from
mature ovary of a
single flower
accompanied by other
parts of the same
flower which on
ripening become
usually swollen and
fleshy e.g. Apple.
III- Composite fruits
i- Strobile: derived from
a scaly inflorescence
named strobile, one or
two achenial fruits are
present in the axil of
each scale.