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ASTRONOMY OPENING ACTIVITY 9/22/16 • On your Learning Log, write today’s goal and activity (yes, they are the same as yesterday, but still write them down for today) • Goal: Describe at least two different celestial objects • Activity: Celestial objects foldable THE MOON Earth’s natural satellite A moon is a natural satellite that orbits a planetary body. We call our moon “The Moon” but many other planets have moons as well. Mars has two moons: Phobos and Deimos Jupiter has more than 60 moons. The four largest moons are Io, Callisto, Ganymede and Europa. Saturn also has at least 60 moons. All planets except Mercury and Venus have at least one moon… …for a total of 16o+ moons. PLANETS A view of our planet Earth from the Moon. A PLANET IS A CELESTIAL BODY… • that orbits a star • has sufficient mass to assume a spherical shape (it’s round) • has cleared its orbital path EARTH & MOON FROM MERCURY Looking back from its orbit around Mercury, MESSENGER captured this view of Earth and the Moon on May 6, 2010. The spacecraft was 183 million kilometers (114 million miles) from Earth at the time, farther than our average distance from the Sun (150 million kilometers, or 93 million miles) because Mercury and Earth were at different places in their orbits around the Sun. Revisit Warmup question: What is the difference between a planet and a moon? Stars Spheres of hot gases that radiate energy due to their internal nuclear reactions. OUR SUN IS THE NEAREST STAR Stars Draw how large you think the Sun is compared with Earth. OUR SUN IS AN AVERAGE SIZED STAR, AND MUCH SMALLER THAN MANY OTHER STARS Some stars are red giants and supergiants, which we will learn more about later. SOLAR SYSTEMS (PLANETARY SYSTEMS) • Solar systems are also “celestial objects” even though they are made of many parts. • Many other solar systems exist Our solar system includes a star (our sun), planets, and moons, as well as asteroids, meteoroids and comets. An artist's concept shows four of the five planets that orbit 55 Cancri, a star much like our own (and located 41 light years away from Earth). NEBULAE (NEBULA) • A nebula is an interstellar cloud of dust, gas, plasma • Stellar “nurseries” & stellar corpses Cygnus Loop Cat’s Eye Nebula NEBULAE (NEBULA) • More images • https://www.spacetelescope.org/images/archive/category/nebulae/ GALAXY • a system of billions of stars, together with gas and dust, held together by gravitational attraction WE ARE LOCATED IN THE MILKY WAY, A SPIRAL GALAXY Is THIS a picture of our galaxy? Is THIS a picture of our galaxy? THE SPIRAL ANDROMEDA GALAXY IS OUR NEAREST GALAXY NEIGHBOR …yet it is still more than 2 million light years away! HIGH DEFINITION IMAGE 61,000-light-year-long Over 100,000 stars in this image http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/rel eases/2015/02/image/a/ LEARN MORE! • Scale of the Universe –Flashhttp://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap140112.html CLOSING ACTIVITY 9/22/16 • Summarize what you learned today • Write down one question that you have