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Transcript
Passive Voice with Dative Elements
Dative elements in an active-voice sentence cannot be raised to subject (nominative) status in passive voice.
In German, specifically, objects of dative verbs and beneficiaries (indirect objects) must remain in the dative case in passive voice.
This is in direct contrast to English where beneficiaries (indirect objects) can be made into subjects in English passive voice.
In German, if no subject is available for a passive sentence, then the place marker “es” becomes the subject.
The place marker “es” always forces the verb to conjugate to third person singular (er/sie/es).
The position of the place marker “es” is confined to the fore-field.
This mean that “es” can NOT go in the sentence field. The place marker “es” is omitted from the sentence if it is not in the fore-field.
Even if the place marker “es” is eliminated from the sentence, the verb still conjugates to third person singular by default.
The verb never conjugates to a dative element in any German sentence, no matter how logical that might seem to an English speaker.
Examples / Beispiele:
active:
passive:
(dative elements are underlined)
(dative elements are underlined), [optional agents are in square brackets]
Er hat den Kindern geholfen.
(helfen = dative verb)
Es ist den Kindern geholfen worden.
Den Kindern ist geholfen worden. (passive without subject)
Marget erzählte ihnen die Geschichte.
(ihnen = beneficiary)
Die Geschichte wurde ihnen [von Marget] erzählt.
Ihnen wurde die Geschichte [von Marget] erzählt.
Mein Sohn hat mir die Nachricht schon gegeben.
(mir = beneficiary)
Mir ist die Nachricht [von meinem Sohn] schon gegeben worden.
Die Nachricht ist mir [von meinem Sohn] schon gegeben worden.
Kein Mensch hat mir für meine Anstrengungen gedankt.
(danken = dative verb)
Mir wurde für meine Anstrengungen nicht gedankt.
Es wurde mir für meine Anstrengungen nicht gedankt.
Example constructions in English:
Potential errors in German:
(These could lead to trouble spots in German.)
(pitfalls ; and corrections ( are underlined)
The children have already been helped.
; Die Kinder sind schon geholfen worden. ;
( Den Kindern ist schon geholfen worden. (
He was told the story by his neighbor.
; Er wurde von seinem Nachbarn die Geschichte erzählt. ;
( Ihm wurde die Geschichte von seinem Nachbarn erzählt. (
I have already been given the news (by my son).
; Ich bin die Nachricht [von meinem Sohn] schon gegeben worden. ;
( Mir ist die Nachricht [von meinem Sohn] schon gegeben worden. (
I am never thanked for my efforts.
; Ich werde für meine Anstrengungen nie gedankt. ;
( Mir wird für meine Anstrengungen nie gedankt. (