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Nerve / fiber type I Olfactory -somatosensory II Optic -somatosensory Cell body of origin Dispersed collections of neurons located in olfactory mucosa in root of nasal cavity Dispersed ganglion cells within the retina as the ganglion cell layer Branches (or peripheral & central processes) Peripheral processes: surface of olfactory mucosa Central processes: terminate in olfactory bulb. Peripheral processes: part of the ganglion cell that connects to bipolar cells. Central processes: optic nerve III Oculomotor -somatomotor -parasympathetic IV Trochlear -somatomotor V Trigeminal -somatosensory (90%) -somatomotor (10%) Somatomotor: Oculomotor nucleus Superior division Inferior division Visceromotor: 1˚- Accessory oculomotor nucleus (Edinger-westphal nucleus). 2˚- ciliary ganglion Trochlear nucleus Somatosensory: Trigeminal (sensory) ganglion Somatomotor: trigeminal motor nucleus. Travels through Central processes pass thru cribiform plate in ethmoid bone. Olfactory bulb axons form olfactory tract (CNS) to terminate in cortex. Light in retina: rods & cones > bipolar cells to peripheral processes around ganglion cells. Optic nerves pass through the optic canal. Nasal fibers cross to contralateral side: optic chiasm. Lateral side remains uncrossed. These travel through optic tracts. Travels thru the superior orbital fissure. Parasympathetic travels along with the inferior division. Peripheral processes are in skin (V1-V3). Central processes terminate in trigeminal spinal nucleus. V1 – ophthalmic -frontal nerve -lacrimal nerve -nasociliary nerve V2 – maxillary Travels thru the superior orbital fissure. V1 ophthalmic goes thru the superior orbital fissure. -frontal nerve into forehead -lacrimal nerve into lateral side of eye -nasociliary nerve into eye and nose V2 maxillary travels thru foramen rotundum. - Innervates -visceral olfactory responses sensed by nose -coordinated visual fields Superior division: -superior rectus -levator palpebra superiorus Inferior division: -medial rectus -inferior rectus -inferior oblique Superior oblique V1 – forehead to corners of eyes V2 – between corners of eyes to corners of mouth. Maxillary sinus & upper teeth. V3 – (sensory) mandible & lower -infraorbital nerve -greater & lesser palatine nerves -zygomatic nerve -posterior superior alveolar nerve -sphenopalatine nerve V3 mandibular travels thru foramen ovale into mandible. V3 – mandibular (sensory) -inferior alveolar neve -lingual nerve -buccal nerve -auriculotemporal nerve (motor) VI Abducens Nerve -somatomotor Abducens nucleus VII Facial Nerve -somatosensory -somatomotor -parasympathetic Somatomotor: Facial nucleus Somatosensory: Geniculate ganglion Visceromotor: Superior salivary nucleus Somatomotor: -temporal -zygomatic -bucchal -mandibular -cervical Somatosensory: Peripheral are taste receptors on anterior 2/3 of tongue, external ear. Central processes terminate in nucleus solitarius (taste) and spinal trigeminal nucleus (external ear). Visceromotor: 1˚ - superior salivary nucleus. Greater petrosal nerve contains preganglionic parasympathetic. 2˚ - pterygopalatine ganglion. Travels thru the superior orbital fissure to the lateral side of the orbit. Leave cranial cavity thru internal auditory meatus. Travels thru the facial canal in the temporal bone. Exits thru stylomastoid foramen. Somatomotor & somatosensory: Travel thru internal auditory meatus, facial canal, and stylomastoid foramen. Primarily somatomotor. Visceromotor: Greater petrosal nerve thru facial canal, thru geniculate ganglion to pterygopalatine ganglion. Chorda tympani travel thru facial canal, then leave thru tympanic cavity (middle ear). teeth, gen. sensation to tongue, cheeks, ear, side of head. (motor) masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor tympani & tensor veli palatini. Lateral rectus Somatomotor: muscles of facial expression Stylohyoid, stapedius, posterior belly of digastric. Somatosensory: external ear and taste receptors in tongue. Visceromotor: lacrimal gland, submandibular gland, sublingual gland, mucous gland, oral mucous glands. VIII Vestibulocochlear -somatosensory IX Glossopharyngeal -somatosensory 90% -somatomotor -parasympathetic Vestibular ganglion (balance) Spiral ganglion (cochlear) Somatomotor: nucleus ambiguous Somatosensory: Inferior ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve Parasympathetic: 1˚ - inferior salivary nucleus 2˚ - otic ganglion X Vagus -somatomotor -somatosensory -parasympathetic Somatomotor: Nucleus ambiguous Somatosensory: Chorda tympani contains preganglionic parasympathetic & taste fibers to anterior tongue from geniculate ganglion. 2˚ - submandibular ganglion. Peripheral process: sensory cells of vestibular/cochlear region. Central processes terminate in vestibular nuclei (vestibular) or cochlear nuclei (cochlear). Peripheral processes carry: -taste & somatosensory information from posterior 1/3 of tongue -somatosensory information from pharynx -somatosensory information from middle ear, auditory tube, mastoid air cells -viscerosensory information from carotid body: baroreceptors & chemoreceptors Central processes terminate in nucleus solitarius – taste, baroreceptors & chemoreceptors Spinal trigeminal nucleus – general sensory. Peripheral process: in mucosa of larynx, respiratory system, heart, digestive system. In external auditory meatus, meninges of posteriocranial Vestibular ganglion travel thru semicircular canals Inner ear Cochlear ganglion are around turns of cochlea. Travel thru internal auditory meatus. Travels thru jugular foramen. Posterior third of tongue, mucosa of pharynx, middle ear, auditory tube, blood pressure & chemoreceptors near common carotid. Somatomotor: stylopharyngeus muscle Visceromotor: parotid gland Travels thru the jugular foramen. Somatomotor: larynx, pharynx, and soft palate muscles: pharyngeal constrictor muscles, muscles of larynx, Inferior ganglion of the vagus nerve (nodose ganglion). Superior ganglion terminate in the spinal trigeminal nucleus of brainstem. fossa, external surface of tympanic membrane. levator veli palatini, palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus Central processes: -terminate in nucleus solitarius. -termiante in spinal trigeminal nucleus. Somatosensory: laryngeal mucosa, meninges of posterior cranial fossa, external ear Parasympathetic: 1˚ - dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus 2˚ - XI Accessory -somatomotor C1-C5 XII Hypoglossal -somatomotor Hypoglossal nucleus Ascend in vertebral canal, travel thru foramen magnum to cranial cavity, then travel back out thru jugular foramen. Exits cranial cavity through hypoglossal canal of occipital bone Parasympathetic: smooth & cardiac muscles of thorax, smooth muscle of abdomen up to splenic flexure. Sternocleidomastoid trapezius Intrinsic muscles of tongue Hyoglossus Styloglossus Genioglossus Somatomotor come from somatomotor nuclei in brainstem. Somatosensory go to cranial nerve sensory ganglia outside the brain: these have peripheral and central processes. Receptors are near peripheral processes, central processes terminate in a cranial nerve sensory nucleus. Autonomic fibers have a two-cell chain