Download 1. Nile River Flows north from Africa to Mediterranean At 4,000 miles

Chapter 2 Section 1, 2, 3
10/17/2012 10:58:00 AM
1. Nile River
 Flows north from Africa to Mediterranean
 At 4,000 miles long, it’s the world’s longest river
 Begins as 2 separate rivers, the Blue Nile and the White Nile
 Used for cooking, cleaning, farming and bathing

2. Geographic Barriers
 Sahara and the Eastern deserts kept away enemies
 The Nile’s cataracts kept boats from landing
3. Flooding
 Nile’s floods were gentle and dependable
 Every spring from July to October
 Water left behind fertile mud
4. Hieroglyphics
 Language made up of pictures and symbols to represent words and
ideas


Written by scribes
Written on walls and papyrus
5. Early Rulers
 The earliest rulers were village chiefs
 Stronger villages start to conquering weaker villages and creating
kingdoms
 By 4,000 BC there were 2 large kingdoms, Upper and Lower Egypt
 In 3,100 BC the 2 kingdoms were united under Narmer


Ruled from the capital city of Memphis
Dynasties were passed down from father to son
6. Social Classes
 Largest group are the unskilled workers and slaves
 Next largest are the farmers and herders
 Middle Class – Merchants, artisans, shopkeepers and scribes


Upper Class – kings, priests, nobles people who worked for
government
The Pharaoh and his family are at the top
p.19 #7. One strength of the desert is that it keeps out enemies. A
weakness of the desert is dry and makes living there hard.
p. 20 #8 Egyptians were able to better irrigate their crops because the
floods were gentle and dependable.
p.22 #9 In a dynasty the next ruler is son of the previous ruler.
p.23 #10 One group of farmers rented their land from their ruler and had
pay the ruler part of their earnings. The other group works directly for the
landlord.
Chapter 2-2
Wkbk p. 24 Egyptian Beliefs
Pharaoh




– Egyptian kings
All powerful rulers
Believed the Pharaoh united the kingdom
Believed he was the son of Re – the sun god
Lead rituals and ceremonies
P. 25 #6 The Pharaoh was all powerful because they believed he was the
son of Re the sun god and that he united the kingdom as one.
Religion



–
Worshiped many deities or gods and goddesses
They believed these gods controlled natured
They believed the gods controlled human behavior
P. 26 # 7 Re was the most important Egyptian god because he controlled
the sun.
Gods and Goddesses
 Re- main god he controlled the sun
 Hapi – god that controlled the Nile River
 Isis – represented the loyal wife and mother
 Isis and her husband Osris ruled over the dead
The Book of the Dead was a collection of spells and prayers the Egyptians
thought knowing would allow you to pass into the next world
Life After Death
 Believed that life after death was better
 That Osiris would greet newcomers at the gates of the next life
 Believed the body was needed by the soul to carry it to the next
world
 Pharaohs and the elite’s bodies were embalmed to preserve them
Wkbk p21 #8 The Egyptians preserved the bodies of their pharaohs so they
could use it in the next life.
Pyramids
 Pharaohs’ tombs
 Held the supplies and bodies needed by the pharaoh in the next
world
 Built by thousands of people over many years
 Great Pyramid of Giza is the largest of all 80 pyramids
o Built for King Khufu
o As tall as a 48 story high building
Section 3
The Middle Kingdom – from 2050 to 1670 BC – golden age of prosperity,
achievement and stability in Egypt

Capital is moved to Thebes
Tribute – forced payments made to the pharaoh by conquered peoples
Hyksos
 Invade Egypt in 1670 BC
 Cross the desert in horse drawn chariots & use weapons made of
bronze and iron
 Ruled for about 150 years before being defeated by Ahmose
Wkbk p.29 #7 The Hyksos defeated the Egyptians because they were a
strong army. They used horse drawn chariots and better weapons.
The New Kingdom 1150 to 1080 BC
 Egypt becomes richer and more powerful
Ahmose – Egyptian prince that drives the Hyksos out of Egypt
 His reign began the new Kingdom
Hatshepsut –
 1st woman ruler
 1st rules with her husband and then nephew before becoming
pharaoh
 More interested in trade then conquering
 Used some of the trade money to build monuments
o One new thing incense – material burned for its pleasant
smell
Wkbk 30 #8 Hatshepsut reign was different then her nephews because she
did not want to fight with others she wanted to trade with them.
Akhenaton
 Make religious changes
 Say the only god is Aton
 Many felt that this new religion was an attack on their way of life

Lost a lot of land to the Hitties because he was to busy with religion
to rule

Wkbk 31 #9 Akhenaton’s religion was unpopular because many saw it as an
attack on their way of life.
Tutankhamen – The boy king – One of the most famous because his tomb
was found intact
Ramses II


Greatest of the New Kingdom Pharaohs
Built a number of temples
o Temples were not used for church
 Considered them to be houses of the gods and
goddesses
Wkbk p. 32 #10 The Egyptians did not use their temples for religious service
because they thought they were the homes of the gods and goddesses.
Chapter 2 Notes/Workbook
P. 17
1. The Nile River
 Flows north from Africa to the Mediterranean
 Its 4,000 miles long making it the world’s longest river
 Starts as 2 separate rivers, the Blue Nile and the White Nile
 Egyptians use the Nile for bathing, drinking, cooking, cleaning and
farming
2. Geographic Barriers
 The Eastern Desert and the Sahara Desert kept out enemies

Nile’s cataracts kept boats from getting Egypt
3. Flooding
 The Nile flooded gentle and dependable
 Happened from July to Oct each year or every spring
 Left behind dark fertile mud
4. Hieroglyphics
 Language made up of pictures and symbols to represent words and


5. Early






ideas
Written by scribes
Written on stone walls and papyrus
Rulers
Early rulers were the village chiefs
Stronger villages took over weaker and created small kingdoms
In 4000 BC 2 large kingdoms the Upper and Lower were formed
United into 1 kingdom in 3100 by Narmer
Ruled from the capital city of Memphis
Dynasties – rule passed from father to son
6. Social Classes
 largest group was the unskilled workers and slaves
 next largest are the farmers and herders
 middle class were the artisans, merchants and shopkeepers
 upper class which are the priests, nobles and wealthy

Top was the pharaoh and his family
p. 19 ?# 7
A strength of the desert for the Egyptians was that it kept enemies from
being able to invade. A weakness of the desert for Egypt was that it didn’t
support life.
p. 18 ? #8
The Egyptians were able to irrigate easier then the Mesopotamians because
they could predict the floods of the Nile.
P. 22 #9 In a dynasty the next ruler is the oldest son of the previous ruler.
P. 23 #10 The first type of farmers rented land from their rulers, paying him
from their crops. The second type worked for the nobles directly.
Chapter 2-2
Wkbk p. 24 Egyptian Beliefs
Pharaoh




– Egyptian kings
All powerful rulers
Believed Pharaohs united the kingdom as one
Believed Pharaohs were the son of the god Re
Performed all rituals and ceremonies
P. 25 #6 The Pharaoh was all powerful because they believed he was the
son of the god Re and that he kept the kingdom united.
Religion



–
Worshiped many deities or gods
They believed the gods controlled forces of nature
They believed the gods and goddesses controlled human behavior
P. 26 # 7 Re was the most important Egyptian god because he was the god
of the sun and the sun was needed for growing crops
Gods and Goddesses
 Main god was Re – the sun god
 Hapi he was the god of the Nile River
 Isis represented the loyal wife and mother
 Isis and her husband Osiris ruled over the dead
The Book of the Dead was a collection of spells and prayers the Egyptians
thought knowing would allow you to pass into the next world
P.24 Life After Death
 Believed that life after death was better
 That Osiris would greet newcomers at the gates of the next life
 Believed the body was needed by the soul to carry it to the next
world
 Pharaohs and the elite’s bodies were embalmed to preserve them
Wkbk p26 #8 The Egyptians preserved the bodies of their pharaohs so they
could use it in the next life.
Pyramids
 Pharaohs’ tombs
 Held the supplies and bodies needed by the pharaoh in the next
world
 Built by thousands of people over many years
 Great Pyramid of Giza is the largest of all 80 pyramids
o Built for King Khufu
o As tall as a 48 story high building
Section 3
The Middle Kingdom – from 2050 to 1670 BC – golden age of prosperity,
achievement and stability in Egypt
 Capital is moved to Thebes
Tribute – forced payments made to the pharaoh by conquered peoples
Hyksos
 Invade Egypt in 1670 BC
 Cross the desert in horse drawn chariots & use weapons made of
bronze and iron
 Ruled for about 150 years before being defeated by Ahmose
Wkbk p.29 #7 The Hyksos defeated the Egyptians because they were a
strong army. They used horse drawn chariots and better weapons then the
Egyptians.
Ahmose – Egyptian prince that drives the Hyksos out of Egypt
 His reign began the new Kingdom
The New Kingdom 1150 to 1080 BC
 Egypt becomes richer and more powerful by conquering others
Hatshepsut –
 1st woman ruler
 1st rules with her husband and then nephew before becoming
pharaoh
 More interested in trade then conquering
 Used some of the trade money to build monuments
o One new thing incense – material burned for its pleasant
smell
Wkbk 30 #8 Hatshepsut reign was different then her nephews because she
did not want to fight with others she wanted to trade with them.
Akhenaton
 Make religious changes
 Say the only god is Aton
 Many felt that this new religion was an attack on their way of life

Lost a lot of land to the Hitties because he was to busy with religion
to rule

Wkbk 31 #9 Akhenaton’s religion was unpopular because many saw it as an
attack on their way of life.
Tutankhamen – The boy king – One of the most famous pharaohs because
his tomb was found intact
Ramses II


Greatest of the New Kingdom Pharaohs
Built a number of temples
o Temples were not used for church
 Considered them to be houses of the gods and
goddesses
Wkbk p. 32 #10 The Egyptians did not use their temples for religious service
because they thought they were the homes of the gods and goddesses.
10/17/2012 10:58:00 AM