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Download 1. Nile River Flows north from Africa to Mediterranean At 4,000 miles
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Transcript
Chapter 2 Section 1, 2, 3 10/17/2012 10:58:00 AM 1. Nile River Flows north from Africa to Mediterranean At 4,000 miles long, it’s the world’s longest river Begins as 2 separate rivers, the Blue Nile and the White Nile Used for cooking, cleaning, farming and bathing 2. Geographic Barriers Sahara and the Eastern deserts kept away enemies The Nile’s cataracts kept boats from landing 3. Flooding Nile’s floods were gentle and dependable Every spring from July to October Water left behind fertile mud 4. Hieroglyphics Language made up of pictures and symbols to represent words and ideas Written by scribes Written on walls and papyrus 5. Early Rulers The earliest rulers were village chiefs Stronger villages start to conquering weaker villages and creating kingdoms By 4,000 BC there were 2 large kingdoms, Upper and Lower Egypt In 3,100 BC the 2 kingdoms were united under Narmer Ruled from the capital city of Memphis Dynasties were passed down from father to son 6. Social Classes Largest group are the unskilled workers and slaves Next largest are the farmers and herders Middle Class – Merchants, artisans, shopkeepers and scribes Upper Class – kings, priests, nobles people who worked for government The Pharaoh and his family are at the top p.19 #7. One strength of the desert is that it keeps out enemies. A weakness of the desert is dry and makes living there hard. p. 20 #8 Egyptians were able to better irrigate their crops because the floods were gentle and dependable. p.22 #9 In a dynasty the next ruler is son of the previous ruler. p.23 #10 One group of farmers rented their land from their ruler and had pay the ruler part of their earnings. The other group works directly for the landlord. Chapter 2-2 Wkbk p. 24 Egyptian Beliefs Pharaoh – Egyptian kings All powerful rulers Believed the Pharaoh united the kingdom Believed he was the son of Re – the sun god Lead rituals and ceremonies P. 25 #6 The Pharaoh was all powerful because they believed he was the son of Re the sun god and that he united the kingdom as one. Religion – Worshiped many deities or gods and goddesses They believed these gods controlled natured They believed the gods controlled human behavior P. 26 # 7 Re was the most important Egyptian god because he controlled the sun. Gods and Goddesses Re- main god he controlled the sun Hapi – god that controlled the Nile River Isis – represented the loyal wife and mother Isis and her husband Osris ruled over the dead The Book of the Dead was a collection of spells and prayers the Egyptians thought knowing would allow you to pass into the next world Life After Death Believed that life after death was better That Osiris would greet newcomers at the gates of the next life Believed the body was needed by the soul to carry it to the next world Pharaohs and the elite’s bodies were embalmed to preserve them Wkbk p21 #8 The Egyptians preserved the bodies of their pharaohs so they could use it in the next life. Pyramids Pharaohs’ tombs Held the supplies and bodies needed by the pharaoh in the next world Built by thousands of people over many years Great Pyramid of Giza is the largest of all 80 pyramids o Built for King Khufu o As tall as a 48 story high building Section 3 The Middle Kingdom – from 2050 to 1670 BC – golden age of prosperity, achievement and stability in Egypt Capital is moved to Thebes Tribute – forced payments made to the pharaoh by conquered peoples Hyksos Invade Egypt in 1670 BC Cross the desert in horse drawn chariots & use weapons made of bronze and iron Ruled for about 150 years before being defeated by Ahmose Wkbk p.29 #7 The Hyksos defeated the Egyptians because they were a strong army. They used horse drawn chariots and better weapons. The New Kingdom 1150 to 1080 BC Egypt becomes richer and more powerful Ahmose – Egyptian prince that drives the Hyksos out of Egypt His reign began the new Kingdom Hatshepsut – 1st woman ruler 1st rules with her husband and then nephew before becoming pharaoh More interested in trade then conquering Used some of the trade money to build monuments o One new thing incense – material burned for its pleasant smell Wkbk 30 #8 Hatshepsut reign was different then her nephews because she did not want to fight with others she wanted to trade with them. Akhenaton Make religious changes Say the only god is Aton Many felt that this new religion was an attack on their way of life Lost a lot of land to the Hitties because he was to busy with religion to rule Wkbk 31 #9 Akhenaton’s religion was unpopular because many saw it as an attack on their way of life. Tutankhamen – The boy king – One of the most famous because his tomb was found intact Ramses II Greatest of the New Kingdom Pharaohs Built a number of temples o Temples were not used for church Considered them to be houses of the gods and goddesses Wkbk p. 32 #10 The Egyptians did not use their temples for religious service because they thought they were the homes of the gods and goddesses. Chapter 2 Notes/Workbook P. 17 1. The Nile River Flows north from Africa to the Mediterranean Its 4,000 miles long making it the world’s longest river Starts as 2 separate rivers, the Blue Nile and the White Nile Egyptians use the Nile for bathing, drinking, cooking, cleaning and farming 2. Geographic Barriers The Eastern Desert and the Sahara Desert kept out enemies Nile’s cataracts kept boats from getting Egypt 3. Flooding The Nile flooded gentle and dependable Happened from July to Oct each year or every spring Left behind dark fertile mud 4. Hieroglyphics Language made up of pictures and symbols to represent words and 5. Early ideas Written by scribes Written on stone walls and papyrus Rulers Early rulers were the village chiefs Stronger villages took over weaker and created small kingdoms In 4000 BC 2 large kingdoms the Upper and Lower were formed United into 1 kingdom in 3100 by Narmer Ruled from the capital city of Memphis Dynasties – rule passed from father to son 6. Social Classes largest group was the unskilled workers and slaves next largest are the farmers and herders middle class were the artisans, merchants and shopkeepers upper class which are the priests, nobles and wealthy Top was the pharaoh and his family p. 19 ?# 7 A strength of the desert for the Egyptians was that it kept enemies from being able to invade. A weakness of the desert for Egypt was that it didn’t support life. p. 18 ? #8 The Egyptians were able to irrigate easier then the Mesopotamians because they could predict the floods of the Nile. P. 22 #9 In a dynasty the next ruler is the oldest son of the previous ruler. P. 23 #10 The first type of farmers rented land from their rulers, paying him from their crops. The second type worked for the nobles directly. Chapter 2-2 Wkbk p. 24 Egyptian Beliefs Pharaoh – Egyptian kings All powerful rulers Believed Pharaohs united the kingdom as one Believed Pharaohs were the son of the god Re Performed all rituals and ceremonies P. 25 #6 The Pharaoh was all powerful because they believed he was the son of the god Re and that he kept the kingdom united. Religion – Worshiped many deities or gods They believed the gods controlled forces of nature They believed the gods and goddesses controlled human behavior P. 26 # 7 Re was the most important Egyptian god because he was the god of the sun and the sun was needed for growing crops Gods and Goddesses Main god was Re – the sun god Hapi he was the god of the Nile River Isis represented the loyal wife and mother Isis and her husband Osiris ruled over the dead The Book of the Dead was a collection of spells and prayers the Egyptians thought knowing would allow you to pass into the next world P.24 Life After Death Believed that life after death was better That Osiris would greet newcomers at the gates of the next life Believed the body was needed by the soul to carry it to the next world Pharaohs and the elite’s bodies were embalmed to preserve them Wkbk p26 #8 The Egyptians preserved the bodies of their pharaohs so they could use it in the next life. Pyramids Pharaohs’ tombs Held the supplies and bodies needed by the pharaoh in the next world Built by thousands of people over many years Great Pyramid of Giza is the largest of all 80 pyramids o Built for King Khufu o As tall as a 48 story high building Section 3 The Middle Kingdom – from 2050 to 1670 BC – golden age of prosperity, achievement and stability in Egypt Capital is moved to Thebes Tribute – forced payments made to the pharaoh by conquered peoples Hyksos Invade Egypt in 1670 BC Cross the desert in horse drawn chariots & use weapons made of bronze and iron Ruled for about 150 years before being defeated by Ahmose Wkbk p.29 #7 The Hyksos defeated the Egyptians because they were a strong army. They used horse drawn chariots and better weapons then the Egyptians. Ahmose – Egyptian prince that drives the Hyksos out of Egypt His reign began the new Kingdom The New Kingdom 1150 to 1080 BC Egypt becomes richer and more powerful by conquering others Hatshepsut – 1st woman ruler 1st rules with her husband and then nephew before becoming pharaoh More interested in trade then conquering Used some of the trade money to build monuments o One new thing incense – material burned for its pleasant smell Wkbk 30 #8 Hatshepsut reign was different then her nephews because she did not want to fight with others she wanted to trade with them. Akhenaton Make religious changes Say the only god is Aton Many felt that this new religion was an attack on their way of life Lost a lot of land to the Hitties because he was to busy with religion to rule Wkbk 31 #9 Akhenaton’s religion was unpopular because many saw it as an attack on their way of life. Tutankhamen – The boy king – One of the most famous pharaohs because his tomb was found intact Ramses II Greatest of the New Kingdom Pharaohs Built a number of temples o Temples were not used for church Considered them to be houses of the gods and goddesses Wkbk p. 32 #10 The Egyptians did not use their temples for religious service because they thought they were the homes of the gods and goddesses. 10/17/2012 10:58:00 AM