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Transcript
Chapter 2, Section 2 Egypt’s Old Kingdom Old Kingdom Rulers • Old Kingdom lasted from 2600 BC to 2300 BC. • The Egyptian kings, pharaohs, lived with their families in grand palaces. • The pharaoh was an all-powerful ruler who guided Egypt’s every activity. Old Kingdom Rulers • Why did Egyptians willingly serve the pharaoh? –They believed the unity of the kingdom depended on a strong leader –They considered the pharaoh to be the son of Re, the Egyptian sun god Old Kingdom Rulers • Whenever he appeared in public, people played music on flutes & cymbals. • Bystanders long the road had to bow down and “smell the earth.” Old Kingdom Rulers • Egyptians thought their pharaoh was a god on earth who controlled Egypt’s welfare. Egypt’s Religion • Egyptians worshipped many deities, or gods and goddesses. • The Egyptians believed these deities controlled the forces of nature and human activities. Egypt’s Religion • Egyptian Gods: 1. Re – Sun God 2. Hapi – ruled the Nile River 3. Isis – goddess who represented the loyal wife & mother; she ruled over the dead with her husband Osiris Egypt’s Religion • The Egyptians believed that life in the in the next world would be better than on Earth. • For centuries, Egyptians believed that only the pharaohs could enjoy the afterlife. • They thought the pharaoh needed a body to make the journey to the afterlife. Egypt’s Religion • To protect the pharaoh’s body, the Egyptians used embalming. – Priests removed the body’s organs – Salt applied to body & body stored to dry – Body filled with perfumes & spices & stitched up – Body cleaned with oils & tightly wrapped with linen – The wrapped body was now a mummy – It was placed inside many wooden coffins – Ready to placed in a tomb Egypt’s Medicine • Skilled at sewing cuts and setting broken bones • Became the world’s first specialists in medicine • Wrote the world’s first medical books on papyrus The Pyramids • The pyramids were tombs for the pharaohs. • They were the size of city blocks. • They also held items the pharaoh would need for the afterlife. How the Pyramids Were Built • • • • • • • • Thousands of people Years to build Built during the Nile flooding season Sits on a square base facing the north Had a number system based on 10 Created fractions Artisans used tools to cut stone into blocks Pulled the blocks over “paved” roads of logs How the Pyramids Were Built • Loaded the stones onto barges on the Nile • Had ramps to push/pull to set the stones in place The Great Pyramid • About 2540 B.C. the grandest of pyramids was built. • It is 10 miles from Cairo. • This pyramid was built for King Khufu & is still standing in Giza on the west bank of the Nile. The Great Pyramid • It covers an area the size of 9 football fields. • Contains 2 million stone blocks.