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SGSQ Chapter 4 & 5 Solutions 1. Fill in the following table on the functional groups. Functional Group Molecular Formula − OH >C=O -COOH − NH2 -SH -PO4-3 Hydroxyl Carbonyl Carboxyl amino sulfhydryl Phosphate Names and Characteristics of Organic Compounds Containing Functional Group Alcohols; polar group Aldehyde or ketone; polar group Carboxylic acid; release H+ Amines; basic, accept H+ Thiols; cross-links stabilize protein structure Used in energy transfers 2. Hydrocarbons are not soluble in water because a. they are hydrophilic b. the C-H bond is very non polar c. they do not ionize d. they store energy in the many C-H bonds along the carbon backbone e. they are lighter than water 3. Circle the functional group that can cause an organic molecule to act as a base and Box the one that confers acidic properties. a. –COOH b. –OH c. –SH d. –NH2 4. 5. e. >C=O a. Circle the atoms of these two glucose molecules that will be removed by a condensation reaction. b. What is the name of the linkage formed? glycosidic c. Draw the resulting maltose molecule. In the diagram to the right of a portion of a polypeptide, identify the types of interactions that are shown. What level of structure are these interactions producing? Tertiary structure a. hydrogen b. hydrophobic interaction (vander Waals) c. disulfide bridge d. ionic bond 6. What happens when a protein denatures? a. It loses its primary structure b. It looses its secondary and tertiary sturctures c. It hydrolyzes into component amino acids d. Its hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions, disulfide bridges, and peptide bonds are disrupted. 7. Match the following molecules to the descriptions below: ___ab__ 1. molecules that would combine to form a fat ___a__ 2. molecules that would be attached to other monomers by a peptide bond ___cef__ 3. molecules or groups that would combine to form a nucleotide ___fg__ 4. molecules that are carbohydrates ___c__ 5. a purine molecule ___a__ 6. monomer of a protein ___ef__ 7. groups that would be joined by a phosphodiester bond 8. A fatty acid that has the formula C16H32O2 is a. Saturated [CnH2nO2] b. unsaturated c. branched d. hydrophilic e. part of a steroid molecule 9. Which number(s) in the molecule to the right refer(s) to a peptide bond? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 10. Zucchin cubes placed in sucrose solutions at 27˚C resulted in the following percent changes after 24 hours Sucrose Molarity % Change in Mass ψ = ψp + ψs d H2O 20% 0.2 M 10 % ψs = -i C R T 0.4 M -3% 0.6 M -17% T = ˚C + 273 0.8 M -25% R = 0.0831 L·bar/mol· K 1.0 M -30% The Graph results are as follows: a. What is the Molar concentration of solute in zucchini cells? 0.36 M b. Calculate the water potential (ψ) in the zucchini cells ψs = -1(0.36) R (300) = -8.97 ψ = 0 + -8.97 = -8.97 c. The San Jaoquin River Delta in Northern California experiences increasing sea water intrusion each year (salt water moves up the river contaminating fresh water supplies). Briefly explain why this would be a problem for the commercial agriculture in the area. If the salt concentration in the now salty farming water is > the solute concentration in the agricultural plants, water will leave the plants. A higher concentration of solute causes a more negative water potential. Water will move from higher water potential (more +) to lower water potential (more - ). If the difference is really large then the plants may experience plasmolysis and die making it impossible to grow agricultural crops. 11. Fill in the following concept map that summarizes this carbohydrates 12. Fill in this concept map to help you organize your understanding of lipids 13. Sketch a section of a phospholipid bilayer of a membrane, and label the hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail of one of the phospholipids. 14. a. Label the three parts of this nucleotide. Indicate with an arrow where the phosphate group of the next nucleotide would attach to build a polynucleotide. b. Is this a purine or a pyrimidine? c. Is this a DNA or RNA nucleotide?