Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Welcome to Ancient Rome Punic Wars • Carthage vs. Rome • War starts in 264 BC • 1st Punic War • Fought for control of Sicily • Lasted 23 years (264-241 BC) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxbWtzCOxv8 • Carthage is defeated Punic Wars • 2nd Punic War •Leads army of 50,000 infantrymen, 9,000 cavalry and 60 elephants • Moved through Spain, France (Gaul) and the Alps to attack Rome Punic Wars • 3rd Punic War • Hannibal no longer a threat • 149 BCRomans invade Carthage • 146 BCCarthage defeated The Fall of the Roman Republic • Big gap between the rich and poor • Slaves make up 1/3 of the Roman population Republic Collapses • Gracchus Brothers •Julius Caesar Julius Caesar •Created jobs •Gave citizenship • Expanded the Senate • New calendar Death of Julius Caesar • March 15, 44 BC, the “Ides of March” • A group of Senators, led by Marcus Brutus and Gaius Cassius stab Caesar to death in the Senate chamber • Et tu, Brute? • His death ends the Roman Republic Ides of March Video Power Struggle after Caesar Dies • Civil War breaks out • Caesar supporters vs. his murderers • Octavian- Caesar’s adopted sonforms Second Triumvirate in 43 BC • Fighting ends the Second Triumvirate •Accepted the title of Augustus • Means “Exalted One” A Vast and Powerful Empire • 90% of people engaged in farming • Trade around the Mediterranean Sea and with China and India • Silk roads from China •Pax Romana Life in Rome • Education • Only for upper-class boys • Until age 16 • Girls married off at age 12-15 • Poor children had to work Life in Rome • Slaves • Had no legal rights • Strong, healthy males sometimes forced to become Gladiators • More than 1 million slaves lost their lives trying to gain freedom Life in Rome • Religion • Adoption of Greek deities • Became symbols of the government • Worship of the emperor- part of the official religion of Rome Life in Rome • Celebrations • Way of controlling the poor • Government gave out daily rations of grain • 150 holidays a year • Used to distract and control the masses Life in Rome • The Roman Colosseum • Held 50,000 people • Built between 70-80 AD • Rich and poor gathered to watch the Gladiators fight • Gladiators often fought to the death with each other and with wild animals The Decline of the Roman Empire • Trade is disrupted • Wars are costly • Waste of money on luxury goods • Government raises taxes • Inflation- drop in value of money and rise in prices The Decline of the Roman Empire • Soil overworked= no longer fertile • Food shortage • Disease spreads • Population decline The Decline of the Roman Empire • Loyalty to the empire decreases • Germanic tribes invade northern territories • Barbarians- Non-Romans • Army loyalty collapses • Mercenaries- foreign soldiers who fight for money • Only the army was active in politics • No longer an honor The Empire Splits • Diocletian • 284- becomes emperor and restores order • Doubles the size of the army • Uses mercenaries and prisoners of war • Persecutes Christians The Empire Splits • Divides the Empire • East- Greek speaking (Greece, Anatolia, Syria and Egypt) • West- Latin speaking (Italy, Gaul, Britannia, Spain) • Diocletian controls the East • General Maximian controls the West • Diocletian retires in 305, civil war breaks out The Empire Splits • 312- Constantine takes control of the Eastern Empire • 324- takes control of the West • 330- Moves capital to Byzantium, Anatolia • City renamed Constantinople • Bosporus Strait Collapse of the Empire • Attila the Hun • United the Huns in 444 • Had 100,000 soldiers • Attacked both East and West Roman Empires •Disease and famine deplete is forces • Pope Leo I negotiated the Hun withdrawal from Rome Collapse of the Empire • Military • Political • Economic • Social Greco-Roman Civilization • Stoicism- very influential • Virgil- wrote “Aeneid,” most famous piece of Latin literature • Styled after Homer Greco-Roman Civilization • Art • “Bas-relief” or “low-relief” • Images projected from a flat background Greco-Roman Civilization • “Mosaics”- pictures or designs made by setting small pieces of stone, glass or tile into a surface Thank You Rome • Architecture • Arches, domes, aqueducts, columns • Thomas Jefferson- 1700’s • Roman revival in the US • US Capital, state capitals, buildings • Roads made of concrete, stone, sand Thank You Rome • Language • Latin developed into Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, French, Romanian • “Romantic Languages” • Common Roman heritage • Half of the words in English have a basis in Latin Thank You Rome • Law • Laws should be fair and apply equally to everyone • Principles of Roman Law: • All people had the right to equal treatment under the law • A person was considered innocent until proven guilty • The burden of proof rested with the accuser rather than the accused • A person should be punished only for actions, not thoughts • Any law that seemed unreasonable or grossly unfair could be set aside • Became the basis for legal systems in European countries and the United States