Download Classical Rome - Mrs. Uzzle`s Class

Welcome to Ancient
Rome
Punic Wars
• Carthage vs. Rome
• War starts in 264 BC
• 1st Punic War
• Fought for control of Sicily
• Lasted 23 years (264-241 BC)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxbWtzCOxv8 • Carthage is defeated
Punic Wars
• 2nd Punic War
•Leads army of
50,000 infantrymen,
9,000 cavalry and
60 elephants
• Moved through
Spain, France
(Gaul) and the Alps
to attack Rome
Punic Wars
• 3rd Punic War
• Hannibal no
longer a threat
• 149 BCRomans
invade
Carthage
• 146 BCCarthage
defeated
The Fall of the Roman Republic
• Big gap between the
rich and poor
• Slaves make up 1/3 of
the Roman population
Republic Collapses
• Gracchus Brothers
•Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar
•Created jobs
•Gave citizenship
• Expanded the Senate
• New calendar
Death of Julius Caesar
• March 15, 44 BC, the
“Ides of March”
• A group of Senators,
led by Marcus Brutus
and Gaius Cassius stab
Caesar to death in the
Senate chamber
• Et tu, Brute?
• His death ends the
Roman Republic
Ides of March Video
Power Struggle after Caesar Dies
• Civil War breaks out
• Caesar supporters vs. his
murderers
• Octavian- Caesar’s adopted sonforms Second Triumvirate in 43 BC
• Fighting ends the Second
Triumvirate
•Accepted the title of Augustus
• Means “Exalted One”
A Vast and Powerful Empire
• 90% of people engaged in farming
• Trade around the Mediterranean
Sea and with China and India
• Silk roads from China
•Pax Romana
Life in Rome
• Education
• Only for upper-class
boys
• Until age 16
• Girls married off at age
12-15
• Poor children had to
work
Life in Rome
• Slaves
• Had no legal rights
• Strong, healthy males
sometimes forced to become
Gladiators
• More than 1 million slaves lost
their lives trying to gain freedom
Life in Rome
• Religion
• Adoption of Greek deities
• Became symbols of the
government
• Worship of the emperor- part of
the official religion of Rome
Life in Rome
• Celebrations
• Way of controlling the
poor
• Government gave out
daily rations of grain
• 150 holidays a year
• Used to distract and
control the masses
Life in Rome
• The Roman Colosseum
• Held 50,000 people
• Built between 70-80 AD
• Rich and poor gathered to
watch the Gladiators fight
• Gladiators often fought to the
death with each other and with
wild animals
The Decline of the Roman Empire
• Trade is disrupted
• Wars are costly
• Waste of money on luxury goods
• Government raises taxes
• Inflation- drop in value of money
and rise in prices
The Decline of the Roman Empire
• Soil overworked= no
longer fertile
• Food shortage
• Disease spreads
• Population decline
The Decline of the Roman Empire
• Loyalty to the empire decreases
• Germanic tribes invade northern
territories
• Barbarians- Non-Romans
• Army loyalty collapses
• Mercenaries- foreign soldiers who
fight for money
• Only the army was active in
politics
• No longer an honor
The Empire Splits
• Diocletian
• 284- becomes emperor and
restores order
• Doubles the size of the army
• Uses mercenaries and
prisoners of war
• Persecutes Christians
The Empire Splits
• Divides the Empire
• East- Greek speaking (Greece,
Anatolia, Syria and Egypt)
• West- Latin speaking (Italy,
Gaul, Britannia, Spain)
• Diocletian controls the East
• General Maximian controls the
West
• Diocletian retires in 305, civil
war breaks out
The Empire Splits
• 312- Constantine takes
control of the Eastern
Empire
• 324- takes control of the
West
• 330- Moves capital to
Byzantium, Anatolia
• City renamed
Constantinople
• Bosporus Strait
Collapse of the Empire
• Attila the Hun
• United the Huns in 444
• Had 100,000 soldiers
• Attacked both East and West
Roman Empires
•Disease and famine deplete is
forces
• Pope Leo I negotiated the Hun
withdrawal from Rome
Collapse of the Empire
• Military
• Political
• Economic
• Social
Greco-Roman Civilization
• Stoicism- very influential
• Virgil- wrote “Aeneid,”
most famous piece of Latin
literature
• Styled after Homer
Greco-Roman Civilization
• Art
• “Bas-relief” or “low-relief”
• Images projected from a
flat background
Greco-Roman Civilization
• “Mosaics”- pictures or designs
made by setting small pieces of
stone, glass or tile into a surface
Thank You Rome
• Architecture
• Arches, domes,
aqueducts, columns
• Thomas Jefferson- 1700’s
• Roman revival in the US
• US Capital, state capitals,
buildings
• Roads made of concrete,
stone, sand
Thank You Rome
• Language
• Latin developed into Spanish,
Portuguese, Italian, French,
Romanian
• “Romantic Languages”
• Common Roman heritage
• Half of the words in English have
a basis in Latin
Thank You Rome
• Law
• Laws should be fair and apply equally to everyone
• Principles of Roman Law:
• All people had the right to equal treatment under the law
• A person was considered innocent until proven guilty
• The burden of proof rested with the accuser rather than the
accused
• A person should be punished only for actions, not thoughts
• Any law that seemed unreasonable or grossly unfair could be
set aside
• Became the basis for legal systems in European countries
and the United States