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Chap 12 Study guide
Modified True/False: Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to
make the statement true.
____
1. The replication of a DNA molecule results in four copies of the same gene. _________________________
____
2. If a nucleic acid contains uracil, it is DNA. _________________________
____
3. The three types of RNA are messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA. ______________________
Completion: Complete each statement.
Figure 12–1
4. The structure labeled X in Figure 12–1 is a(an) ____________________.
5. The Watson and Crick model of DNA is a(an) _________________________, in which two strands are
wound around each other.
6. Chromatin contains proteins called ____________________.
Figure 12–3
7. In Figure 12–3, A, B, and C are three types of ____________________.
8. During transcription, the _________________________ between base pairs are broken.
9. The order of nitrogenous bases in DNA determines the order of ____________________ in proteins.
10. The codon that signals the end of a growing polypeptide is called a (an) __________________.
11. The tRNA bases called the ____________________ are complementary to three consecutive nucleotides on
one mRNA molecule.
Short Answer
12. Explain how the bacteria in Griffith’s experiment were transformed.
13. What is a bacteriophage?
14. What are the three main parts of an RNA nucleotide?
Figure 12–3
15. What is molecule B in Figure 12–3, and what is its function?
Figure 12–2
16. According to Figure 12–2, what codons specify the amino acid glycine?
17. What is a mutation?
Other
Figure 12–4
18. Inferring From which labeled structure in Figure 12–4 is structure D made? Identify that labeled structure.
19. Interpreting Graphics Identify structure F in Figure 12–4. What amino acid does it specify?
Figure 12–5
20. Interpreting Graphics What process is illustrated in Figure 12–5?
21. Interpreting Graphics Which labeled structure in Figure 12–5 is a codon?
Figure 12–6
22. Comparing and Contrasting Contrast process A and process B in Figure 12–6.
23. Interpreting Graphics During which process in Figure 12–6 does a segment of a chromosome become
oriented in the reverse direction?
24. Interpreting Graphics In Figure 12–6, which process is a translocation?
Short Answer
25. Describe the Hershey-Chase experiment. Why were the results important?
26. Describe the structure of a DNA molecule.
27. Compare and contrast DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
28. Contrast the functions of the three main types of RNA.
29. How does transcription differ from DNA replication? Describe at least four differences.
30. Why do some kinds of point mutations cause greater changes in proteins than others?