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Action Verbs
-Action verb is a verb that expresses action, a verb that we can act.
dance, sing, bully, study, read………
-A subject contains the noun or the pronoun, and a complete predicate contains the verb.
-When to keep the verb and when to use the 4 spelling rules ( s, es, ies, s)
1. Singular noun or pronoun ( he, she, it) __________ 4 rules
2. Plural noun or pronoun (we, you, they) and (I ) ___________ keep the verb
Examples:
-I sleep in my bed. Sleep=action verb, sleep in my bed=complete predicate
-My brother (he) plays football. plays=action verb, plays football=complete predicate
-Amina (she) teaches English. teaches=action verb, teaches English=complete predicate
-The bird (it) flies in the sky. flies=action verb, flies in the sky=complete predicate
-My friends (they) hurry to class. hurry=action verb, hurry to class=complete predicate
Verb to be
Verb to be is a special verb that tells us what or where the subject is.
Forms of verb to be:
Pronoun
I
He, She, It
We, You, They
Singular : I, he, she, it
Present
am
is
are
Past
was
was
were
Plural : we, you, they
Examples:
I (am/was) happy. _________ tells what the subject is.
Amal (is/was) at the park. ________ tells where the subject is.
You (are/were) in bed. ___________ tells where the subject is.
We (are, were) tired. _____________tells what the subject is.
My friends (are/were) good students. ________tells what the subject is.
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Main and Helping Verbs
Action verbs are also called main verbs.
Helping verb: It helps the main verb in the sentence.
So, helping verb must be before a main verb.
Example: There are 23 helping verbs:
am, is, are, was, were, being, been, be, have, has, had, do, does, did, shall, should, will,
would, may, might, must ,can ,could.
Examples:
I play in the playground. Play= action verb=main verb
I am playing in the playground. Am= helping verb, playing = main verb
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Present, Past and Future Tense Verbs
Tense = The time when the verb happens
Present tense verbs: The verb happens regularly
Example: learns brushes studies
plays
Subject-verb agreement:
The subject and the verb must agree together, subject and verb are both singular or subject
and verb are both plural.
Examples:
We sleep early.
She studies hard.
It is hot.
They are swimming.
Future tense verbs: The verb will happen
We always add will before the verb.
Example: will eat will jump will study
will behave will hurry
Past tense verbs: The verb happened before
5 spelling rules:
1. Normal verb _____________add (ed)
2. Drop the (e) rule:
A verb ending with (e), we drop the (e) before adding the –ed
Remove _____ removed
bake _______baked scare ______ scared
3. Consonant +y rule:
A verb ending with (Y), we drop the (Y) and add (I) before adding –ed
Hurry _____hurried
carry ______ carried
4. Vowel +Y rule:
Play ______played
stay________stayed
5. Doubling rule:
A verb ending with a consonant and the letter before it is a vowel, we double the consonant
before adding –ed
Hop _____hopped
shop ______shopped grin ____grinned drag ____dragged
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Irregular Verbs
Irregular verbs in the past tense do not end with –ed.
These are the most common irregular verbs:
Verb
say
make
go
take
come
see
know
throw
draw
think
teach
bring
buy
find
give
tell
begin
write
stand
meet
run
pay
lay
lie
send
spend
wear
choose
rise
am, is, are
have, has
do, does
break
speak
eat
Past
said
made
went
took
came
saw
knew
threw
drew
thought
taught
brought
bought
found
gave
told
began
wrote
stood
met
ran
paid
laid
lay
sent
spent
wore
chose
rose
was, were
had
did
broke
spoke
ate
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Adverbs
Adverbs describe verbs.
Adverbs say how, when and where an action is done.
Adverbs sometimes end with the suffix –ly
Adverbs can be used to compare between two or more actions.
-When we compare between two verbs we add (ER) and we always find the word (than) after
the adverb.
-She grows faster (than) her friend.
-When we compare between more than two adverbs we add (EST) and we always find the
word (the) before the adverb.
Ahmed answers (the) fastest in class.
-When we have an adverb that ends with (Y) we remove the (Y) and add (I) before adding (er,
est)
This dog looks (the) happiest dog I have ever seen.
-We use (more) and (most) when comparing longer adverbs.
Examples:
We play loudly. (how)
Tomorrow, we will travel. (when)
The restaurant is here. (where)
The mouse runs faster than the elephant. (how)
The rabbit races more quickly than the turtle. (how)
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Contractions
Contractions are short form of 2 words. Contractions join the words by dropping letters and
replacing them with an apostrophe.
Subject pronoun contractions
I am ----- drop (a)
You are ---- drop (a)
He is, she is, it, is ---- drop(i)
We are ----- drop(a)
They are ----- drop(a)
I have, you have, we have, they have ----- (drop ha)
Negative verb contractions
Join subject pronoun and a verb
I’m
You’re
He’s, she’s, it’s
We’re
They’re
I’ve, you’ve, we’ve, they’ve
Join verb and the word (not) by
dropping the (O)
Don’t, doesn’t, didn’t
Haven’t, hasn’t, hadn’t
Couldn’t, can’t, shouldn’t,…
Do not, does not, did not
Have not, has not, had not
Could not cannot, should not,…..
One sentence + One negative rule
Each sentence can have only one negative.
( no, not, nobody, nothing, nowhere, never) are all negative forms
Example:
He doesn’t have no money. -------------------
He doesn’t have any money.
I don’t see no dogs.
I don’t see any dogs.
------------------
Punctuation
Capital Letters:
We use capital letters at the beginning of the sentence, proper names, event, places, days,
months, titles of books, songs, movies, magazines and newspapers.
Hassan
Amani
Valentine’s Day
Monday
Row, Row, Row, Your Boat
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March
Harry Potter
Commas:
We use commas to separate a series of names, actions, and to separate two simple sentences
joined together with the joining word “and-or- but”
- My friend is nice.
- My friends are Hani, Yassin, and Mohamed.
- I must eat, study, and sleep early.
- We can go to the movies, or to the theatre.
Titles of books, magazines, and newspapers are underlined.
-I read the book Harry Potter three times.
Titles of songs, poems, nonfiction stories, chapter of a book , and a column in a newspaper
are placed between quotation marks (“ ”)
- The song “Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star ” is my favorite song.
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