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ADAPTATIONS FOR DIFFERENT CLIMATES Animals, plants, and other organisms have adaptations that help them survive in the climate where they live. ADAPTATIONS FOR COLD CLIMATES What needs do birds and mammals have while living in the arctic? Use energy from food to keep their body temperature about the same all the time. WHAT ARE SOME ADAPTATIONS THIS POLAR BEAR HAS? A Polar Bear has . . . 1. Small Tail & Ears: – looses less body heat – blood flows to the tail & ears, keeping them warm 2. Warm Fur: – waterproof – acts as an insulator – blends in to snow and ice 3. Fat Layer: – keeps the bear warm 4. Hairy Paws: – insulates paws – gives traction Plants also have adaptations to cold climates. ARCTIC PLANTS HAVE adaptations that allow them to… • Carry out photosynthesis faster & at lower temperatures • Short growing season • Grow closer to the ground … WHY? …TO AVOID WIND Click to find out more about arctic plants ARCTIC POPPY • Petals are shaped to concentrate the sunlight so seeds mature more quickly TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE • Are the ears of an arctic fox larger or smaller than the ears of a fox that lives in warmer climates? Explain. • Name two ways a polar bear’s fur helps it adapt to the cold climate. • How do arctic plants protect themselves from the freezing wind? Adaptations for Hot, Dry Climates WHY DO MOST DESERT ANIMALS SLEEP DURING THE DAY AND MOVE AROUND AT NIGHT? ANIMALS NEED • water • to stay cool SO THEY ADAPT BY.. • getting water from food • staying underground during the day KANGAROO RAT I DON’T DRINK ANY WATER, SO HOW DO I STAY HYDRATED? HOW DO I STAY COOL DURING THE HEAT OF THE DAY? A Roadrunner’s long legs raise its body above the hot surface, helping it to stay cooler. Barrel Cactus • Stores water . . . “BULGES” • Waxy Covering reduces water loss • Needlelike spines don’t let much water escape • Shallow, widely spreading roots WHY MIGHT I BE SO TEMPTING TO DESERT ANIMALS? DESERT WILD FLOWERS • GROW QUICKLY (have a short life cycle) • Seeds sprout after heavy rain MESQUITE GROWS LONG ROOTS THAT REACH UNDERGROUND AS FAR AS 100 FEET TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE • How do kangaroo rats obtain all of their water? • How does a roadrunner protect itself from the heat? • If you dug up a mesquite plant, how far down would you need to dig to get all the roots up? Adaptations for Seasonal Changes Environments with HOT Summers and COLD Winters Animals & Plants Adapt by… Storing Nutrients • • • • Plants store nutrients in roots Bees store honey in hives Squirrels store nuts in the ground Squirrels and bears build up a layer of fat…WHY? –It keeps them warm and provides energy How does this ERMINE adapt to the changing seasons? Dropping Leaves to avoid water loss during the winter • Plants carry out less photosynthesis • Leaves stop making chlorophyll • Green Chlorophyll Disappears • Leaves Fall to Ground Why do you think some flowers “die back” in the winter? HOW ARE THESE GEESE ADAPTED TO SEASONAL CHANGES? THEY MIGRATE TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE • How do some dogs adapt to the changing seasons? • Why does a moth spin its cocoon in late fall? • If you were an animal that didn’t migrate, how would you survive the winter? How do organisms become adapted to their environment? Lesson 4 How do organisms become adapted to their environment? …Variations Occur http://www.akc.org/breeds/recbreeds/chihua.cfm How do variations occur? • Variations (or new traits) are caused by MUTATIONS. • Mutations are changes in gene • They can be helpful, harmful, or have no effect at all. Environmental Changes Story of the Peppered Moth Play the peppered moth simulation game The wooly mammoth and gray fox lived together during the ice age. WHY DO YOU THINK THE GRAY FOX IS STILL ALIVE TODAY? http://school.discovery.com/schooladventures/woollymammoth/steppe6b7.html# What is a fossil? • Fossil: Any remains or trace of an organism that was once alive click here to see some cool fossils some more Why do scientists study fossils? 1. To learn about how the world has changed 2. To learn how organisms lived long ago 3. To learn how organisms changed and became adapted to a new environment Fossils • Mold: A hollow space in the rock with the imprint of its body • Cast: Soft sediment moves into the mold, it can harden into a cast. mold click here to view a mold of a T-REX footprint cast TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE • What happened to the light colored peppered moth population when pollution was high in England? • What is the source of variation between individuals of a species? • Why might extremely destructive mutations rarely be passed on to offspring?