Download GEOGRAPHY OF GREECE

Ancient Persia
4-3
I.
Persian Empire
A. Modern-day Iran
B. Cyrus the Great united Persians (P) into one kingdom
C. Cyrus takes over Mesopotamia, Asia minor, Syria, Canaan, and Phoenicia,
Egypt, western India
D. Darius takes Persian throne after Cyrus
1. Reorganized government to make it more manageable
a. 20 satrapies - provinces
b. Each province ruled by a satrap – “protector of the kingdom”
c. Satraps acted as tax collector, judge, chief of police, and army recruiter
E. Full-time army w/horse soldiers
F. P religion was Zoroastrianism
1. Founded by Zoroaster – one god, freedom to choose good or evil, good will
win
Persian Empire
Persian Army
The Persian Wars
I.
Marathon
A. Retaliation for Greek support of colonies’ rebellion against Persia
B. Persians (P): 20,000 soldiers on plain of Marathon – Athenians: 10,000
soldiers
C. Persians wait for Athenians to attack/advance, but become impatient
D. Persians decide to load troops back on ships (cavalry 1st) and attack from
another side
E. Athenians attack and defeat Persians as they are loading ships
F. Pheidippides runs 25+ miles to bring news of victory – “Marathon”
II
Thermopylae
A.
B.
C.
D.
Persians under Xerxes attack w/180,000 troops
Sparta (Leonidas) and Athens (Themistocles) join forces
Themistocles decides they should cut off Persian navy supply
Greeks need to stall the Persians to give the Athenian navy time to get into
position.
E. Thermopylae is a narrow mountain pass where they can slow the Persians
F. Leonidas holds Persians off for 2 days – betrayed by a soldier and conquered
G. Gave Athens enough time to get navy in position
Marathon (490 B.C.)
Persian fleet
landed
20,000
soldiers on
plain of
Marathon
Persians
waited for
days for
Athenians
to advance.
Persians
grew tired
of waiting
and loaded
cavalry on
ships first.
Greeks
attacked when
cavalry was out
of range &
caught Persian
foot soldiers in
water.
Greeks Win!
Pheidippides raced
nearly 25 miles to
Athens to declare
victory & died!
Thermopylae (486 B.C.)
King of Persia
dies & son
Xerxes takes
over. He wants
revenge on
Athens.
Athens
joins
Sparta to
defend
themselves
.
Thermopyla
e was a
narrow pass
through
Mtns.
7,000
Greek
soldiers
held off
Persia for
2 days.
A Greek traitor
helped the
Persians win!
Around 300 Spartans
stayed and fought to
death, giving Athens time
to defend itself!
Thermopylae
Salamis
Xerxes wanted
to punish
Greeks for his
father, Darius
a
Greeks tricked
Persians to the
strait of
Salamis
Greeks win
navel battle
Persians march
into Athens and
burn it to the
ground!
Salamis
Platae (479 B.C.)
Greeks
formed largest
army ever
assembled!
Athens
crushes the
Persians!
Persians give up
and go home!
END OF
PERSIAN WARS!
The Persian Wars 2
III. Salamis
A. Greeks navy attacks Persian navy after Thermopylae at a strait near Athens
B. Greek ships were more maneuverable and they defeat the Persian navy
C. Athens left undefended though and sacked by Persian Army.
IV. Plataea
A. City-states join together to assemble largest Greek Army ever. (110,000)
B. Greeks defeat Persians at Plataea, NW of Athens
C. Defeated Persians return to Asia
A modern replica of the small Greek ship used during
the Persian War known as a triremes.
Persian ships were larger and more difficult to maneuver
through the narrow strait of Salamis than Greek ships.
Pictures of the Battle of Salamis. Greek ships were used
to ram Persian ships in effort to sink them.
Decline of Persia
I. Persian army weakened by Greeks
II. Darius and Xerxes had raised taxes to get more wealth
A. Spent wealth on their own luxury
I. High taxes angered subjects
II. Persian royal family fought over who would be king
III. Alexander the Great conquered Persia in 334 B.C.
Athenian Empire
I.
The Delian League
A. Members promised to defend against any Persian invasion
B. Headquartered in Delos
C. Athens takes leadership and gains control over other city-states
II. Athens became a direct democracy
A. Citizens gathered in mass meetings to vote on issues
1. Relatively small # of citizens made this possible
a. 43,000 men made up assembly, fewer than 6000 voted
B. The United States = representative republic
III. Pericles
A. Athenian general helped Greece dominate Delian League
1. Treated other CS like subjects
B. Made Athens more democratic in some ways
1. Allowed lower class male citizens to be elected to public office
2. Emphasized philosophy, arts, and culture - “GOLDEN AGE OF
PERICLES”
3. Constructed beautiful public buildings
IV. Athenian Economy
A. most Athenians farmed, but couldn’t grow enough food for
population
Athenian Empire 2
IV. Athenian Economy
A. most Athenians farmed, but couldn’t grow enough food for population
B. Became trading center of Greek world, because of need to trade for food
V. Peloponnesian War
A. Athens vs. Sparta
B. Pericles’ Funeral Oration – public funeral for those who died in battle
1. Pericles reminds the Athenians of their power and greatness as a
democracy
2. Encouraged people to keep on fighting
C. Pericles has Athenians all come inside city walls
1. Sparta had no navy, so Athens can still receive supplies
2. Disease spreads through Athens – 1/3 of people died including Pericles
3. Sparta borrows money from Persia to build a navy & destroys Athenian
navy
4. Athens surrenders
VI. Sparta rules city-states for thirty years, but loses control