Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Name Class Date 16.1 Darwin’s Voyage of Discovery Observations Aboard the Beagle When Charles Darwin visited the Galápagos Islands, he discovered that similar animals living on separate islands had different features. Compare the diagrams of tortoises. Isabela Island Hood Island tortoise tortoise 1. The tortoises eat plants. On one island, plants grow very close to the ground. Which island is this most likely to be? Circle the correct answer. Isabela Island Hood Island 2. Why did you choose the island that you did for question 1? _______________ 16.2 Ideas That Shaped Darwin’s Thinking An Ancient, Changing Earth For Questions 3--6, write True if the statement is true. If the statement is false, change the underlined word or words to make the statement true. 3. Hutton realized that Earth was much younger than previously believed. 4. Lyell thought most geological processes operated extremely quickly. 5. The processes that changed Earth in the past are different from the processes that operate in the present. 6. Complete the table about scientists who contributed to the development of the theory of evolution. Scientists Who Contributed to Darwin’s Theory of Evolution Scientist Contribution to Darwin’s Theory (how did they help Darwin?) James Hutton Charles Lyell Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Thomas Malthus Lamarck’s Evolutionary Hypotheses -- Use the diagram to answer Questions 8–9. 7. According to Lamarck’s hypothesis, what occurs between steps 2 and 3 in the diagram above to make the crab’s claw grow larger? ______________ ______________ 8. Which step in the diagram above shows the inheritance of acquired traits as proposed by Lamarck? ____________________________________ Population Growth For Questions 11–13, write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left. 9. Which observation caused Thomas Malthus to form his theory about population growth? A. Human birth rate was higher than the death rate. B. War caused the death of thousands of people. C. Famines were common in England in the 1800s. D. The offspring of most species survived into adulthood. 10. Malthus’s ideas led Darwin to conclude that A. Earth is much older than previously thought. B. the size of the human population can grow indefinitely. C. many more organisms are born than will survive and reproduce. D. organisms are able to evolve through a process known as artificial selection. 16.3 Darwin Presents His Case Evolution by Natural Selection An adaptation is an inherited characteristic that helps an organism ____________ and ____________ in its environment. Over time, adaptations become more and more common in the population. For example, suppose that the water in a pond gets darker over a period of four years. The diagrams and table below show what might happen to a frog population living in the pond. Year 1 11. Use the diagrams below to complete the table. Year 2 Adaptations of Frog Populations Over Time Year Light-Colored Frogs 1 6 Dark-Colored Frogs Year 4 Year 3 2 3 4 Answer the questions. 12. In which year was the number of light-colored frogs greater than the number of dark-colored frogs? 13. How did the numbers of light- and dark-colored frogs change over time? _______________ ______________ 14. Which adaptation is best suited to life in the pond in Year 3? light coloring 15. How do the dark-colored frogs show “survival of the fittest”? dark coloring _______________ ______________ 16. Why is camouflage considered an adaptation? ___________________ ___________________ 17. How does an animal’s level of fitness relate to its chances of survival and reproduction? ___________________ ___________________