Download 3-11 Ecological Relationships

Ecological Relationships
Ms. Blalock, Ms. Hartsell
Directions
• Use the information in this PowerPoint
presentation to respond to questions in your
guided notes.
Symbiosis
• A close and often long term interaction between two
or more different species.
• The relationship between these different species may
be neutral, negative or positive.
• There are 4 types of symbiotic relationships we will
explore today
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Predation
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
Predation
• Predation refers to one organism capturing
and feeding on another organism
• Organism Roles
– Predator: the organism that is doing the killing
– Prey: the organism that is being eaten (food)
Predation Example
Lions eating a buffalo
Predator: Lion
Prey: buffalo
Snake eating a frog
Predator: snake
Prey: frog
Mutualism
• Both species in this type of relationship
benefit from the interactions that they share
• It is a “WIN-WIN” situation
Example: Mutualism
• Insects and flowers
– Insect: gets nectar and food from flower
– Flower: the insect spreads the pollen or seeds of
the flower so it can continue to reproduce
Commensalism
• One organism in the relationship benefits and
the other organism is neither helped nor
harmed
• It is a “WIN-nothing” situation
Example: Commensalism
• Barnacles attach to the surface (skin) of whales
– Barnacles: get nutrients from the whale that allow it to
grow
– Whale: the presence of the barnacles neither harms or
benefits the whale in any way
Parasitism
• One organism lives on or inside of another
organism and harms it
– Parasite: the organism doing the harm
– Host: the other organism that is being harmed
• The parasite obtains all or part of its nutrition
from the host
• It is a “WIN-LOSE” situation
Example: Parasitism
• Ticks attach to dogs and suck the blood from them
– Ticks: get nutrients from the blood of the dog
– Dog: can get sick from diseases the tick may carry or can
die from blood loss; discomfort (causing irritation to the
skin)