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What if we all stopped eating meat?
• The meat industry produces 14.7% of
human caused greenhouse gas
emissions.
• We could save 10.5 million square miles
that is given to ruminants (cows, sheep,
goats) for grazing.
• Americans use roughly 5,000 gallons of
water to shower every day for a year.
2,464 gallons of water is used to
produce one pound of California beef.
Warm Up:
Think about all of the relationships you have. Some might be
helpful to you, some might not affect you, and others might be
hard for you to maintain. Take 4 minutes to name 3 different
relationships:
1. Helps you
2. Doesn’t affect you
3. Takes something from you (whether that is energy, time
or money).
Example: you might enjoy a relationship with a best friend, but
a relationship with a little sibling might not be helpful because
you need to babysit during your free time.
Community interactions
Competition, Predation,
Symbiosis
Each animal has a niche.
• A niche is a role that an organism has in its
ecosystem
• This includes its place in the food web, type of food
it eats, where it lives, and how and when it
reproduces.
Competition
Competition occurs when organisms from the
same or different species try to use an ecological
resource at the same time and place.
Competitive Exclusion Principle: No two species
can occupy the same niche in the same habitat.
If they try, one will win, one will be excluded.
Predation
• When one organism captures and feeds on
another.
Symbiosis
Any relationship in which two species live
closely together.
Symbiotic relationships can be categorized into
three different categories:
Mutualism, Commensalism, and Parasitism.
Mutualism: + +
• In mutualistic relationships, BOTH organisms
benefit.
• Example: Acacia Ant and Acacia Tree
• What does each organism get from the
relationship?
Commensalism: + 0
• In commensal relationships, only one
organism benefits, and the other is neither
helped nor harmed.
The Emperor shrimp is a small crustacean that is usually
found in the Indo-Pacific region. It can be seen hitching
a ride on sea cucumbers. These shrimp get protection
as well as a mode of transportation to move about in
larger areas in search of food, without spending any
energy on their own. They get off from their host sea
cucumber to feed, and get back on for a ride when they
want to move to other areas.
How does the Emperor shrimp benefit? How is the Sea
Cucumber affected?
Parasitism: + • One organism lives on or inside another
organism and harms it.
• Typically the parasite doesn’t kill its host, but
on occasion it does.
• How does the wasp cause harm? What
happens to the caterpillar?
Community interactions:
Competition
Predation
Symbiosis
1. Mutualism
2. Commensalism
3. Parasitism