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Download Study Vocabulary for Earth and the Solar System
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Earth & Solar System Vocabulary Word Meteor Definition Refers to the flash of light in the night sky when a small chuck of interplanetary debris burns up in the atmosphere. Meteoroid A piece of interplanetary debris. Meteorite A meteoroid is called a meteorite if it fall through the atmosphere & lands on Earth. Asteroid Large chunk of space rock. Comets Cosmic snowballs of frozen gases, rock & dust. Supernova An exploding star that has reached the end of its life span. Nebulas A spinning cloud of dust. Planets +Must be able to clear objects out of its orbit. +Must be spherical shape. +Must orbit a star Celestial Bodies Any natural body outside Earth’s atmosphere. Ex—Moon, Sun, & Planets. Planets of the Solar System Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, & Neptune. Hint--“My very exciting mom just sent us nachos!” Terrestrial Planets Small rocky planets. Ex-Mercury, Venus, Earth, & Mars Gas Planets Large planet composed out gaseous materials. Ex-Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, & Neptune. Dwarf Planet An object that doesn’t meet all of the criteria to be a considered a planet. Orbit Means to move in a curved path around a star, planet, & moon. Gravity Force that pulls objects together. Depends of these two things: + Mass of the objects. + Distance between the objects. Moon + Formed from the debris left over from an impact on between Earth & another celestial bodies in the solar system. + Made of iron. +Revolves around the Earth . Exosphere A very thin layer of gas. Earth & Solar System Vocabulary Words Vacuum A space that is entirely empty of matter. Definitions Sidereal Moon A moon that revolves around the Earth in 27.3 days. Lunar Moon Moon Phases The amount of time between full moons---29.5 days. New Moon A moon that is not illuminated. + Entirely dark moon. + Occurs when the moon is between the Earth & Sun. Full Moon Moon that is 100% visible in the night sky. + Occurs when the moon is behind the Earth & Sun. Waxing Moon When the moon’s illumination is growing. + Moon is illuminated on the right side. Waning Moon When the moon’s illumination is getting smaller. +Moon is illuminated on the left side. Tides Rise & fall of Earth’s surface water due to the force of gravity. The phases the moon passes through in a calendar month. + Phases--New Moon, Waxing Crescent, First Quarter, Waxing Gibbous, Full Moon, Waning Gibbous, Third Quarter, & Waning Crescent. + High Tide-when the water level is the highest. + Low Tide the lowest water level. Note-High Tides are caused when the moon’s gravity pulls on Earth’s water, The ocean swells on the side closest to the moon & on the opposite side of the planet. This occurs twice daily. Spring Tides When the Earth, Moon, and Sun are aligned--This happens during full and new moons. Neap Tides When the Earth, Moon, and Sun form a 90 degree angle (during the First and Third Quarters), the result is a Neap Tide. Earth & Solar System Vocabulary Word Eclipse Definitions Is the hiding of one object in space by another or the passing of an object in space into a shadow cast by another object. Solar Eclipse When the moon blocks the Sun's light and casts a shadow on the Earth, this is called a solar eclipse. Moon is directly between the Earth and the Sun. Lunar Eclipse It is when the moon passes into Earth's shadow.--Occurring only during a full moon. Umbra Darkest inner part of the moon’s shadow. At point where it reaches the Earth. You would see a total eclipse. Penumbra Large outer part of the moon’s shadow—only a partial eclipse. Moon Phases Earth & Solar System Vocabulary Word Rotating Definition Spinning in its place. +The Earth rotates on its axis---causing days & nights. Revolving Moving around something. +The Earth revolves around the sun in one year. Earth Tilt +23.5 Degrees +Causes the seasons. Sun Height +Sun higher in the sky in the summer---equal more sunlight & warmer temperatures. +Sun lower in the sky in the winter---equal less sunlight & colder temperatures. Hemispheres Earth is divided into four parts—(Northern, Southern, Eastern, & Western) +United States belong to Northern & Western Hemispheres. + When the Northern Hemisphere has summer the Southern Hemisphere has winter. + When the Norther Hemisphere has winter the Southern Hemisphere has summer. Equinox Two days during the year in which the amount of daytime & nighttime are completely equal. +Spring Equinox-------March 20th or 21st +Autumn Equinox----September 22nd or 23rd Solstice Beginning of the summer & winter. +Summer Solstice----June 21st or 22nd (Earth titled most toward the sun) +Winter Solstice------December 21st or 22nd (Earth titled away from the sun)