Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Ancient Greek literature wikipedia , lookup
Pontic Greeks wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek religion wikipedia , lookup
First Peloponnesian War wikipedia , lookup
Economic history of Greece and the Greek world wikipedia , lookup
Corinthian War wikipedia , lookup
Battle of the Eurymedon wikipedia , lookup
Second Persian invasion of Greece wikipedia , lookup
Persian War Expert Notes Event A -- Expansion of Persia Event Details -- In 513 BCE King Darius of Persia invades Greek city-states on Asia Minor to expand his empire, due to his desire for more land and economic power. Outcome/Why? -- Persian army was very large and well-trained, they overwhelmed opponents with sheer numbers. Also had highly trained cavalry. Persian Empire was very organized and wealthy. Darius let conquered peoples keep language & culture in exchange for taxes/service. Effect -- Sets the stage for conflict between Greece and Persia over control of Ionia/Asia Minor Event B -- Ionian Revolt Event Details -- In 546 BCE, Darius (Persians) conquered Ionia, a region of Greek city-states on Asia Minor. In 499 BCE Ionians rebel against Persian control/paying taxes to Darius. Outcome/Why -- Ionia asks for assistance from Greek city-states on the mainland to fight against Darius. Sparta refuses, Athens helps. After five years of conflict, the Persians win due to massive numbers and being close to more reserve troops. Effect -- King Darius puts down the rebellion, and now wants revenge against Athens. He begins planning to invade mainland Greece. Event C -- Battle of Marathon Event Details -- in 490 BCE, Persians (King Darius, 200 ships & 20,000 soldiers), Greeks (9,000 Athenian soldiers, Sparta again doesn’t help), fight at Marathon. Darius is attempting to invade mainland Greece and attack Athens. Miltiades heads to Marathon to cut the Persians off. Outcome/Why? -- Greeks won because the Persians split up their forces, loaded calvary back up on ships to sail to Athens, Greek forces then attacked the Persian infantry that was left behind. Persians lost 6,400 soldiers while the Greeks only lost 192. Effect -- Victory boosts Greek confidence. Pheidippides (Marathon runner) runs to Athens to warn that the Persian navy/cavalry are coming. Event D -- Battle of Thermopylae Event Details -- In 480 BCE, Persians (King Xerxes (Darius’ son) 250,000 soldiers and 600 ships), Greeks--Athens and Sparta (King Leonidas) fight at Thermopylae (100 miles NW of Athens). Persians want to attack Athens, Spartans cut them off to prevent them from getting there. Xerxes wanted to conquer Greece because Darius wasn’t able to, cement his name in history Outcome/Why? -- Persians march across the 33 mile wide Hellespont in a feat of engineering to march across to Greece, Spartans are able to hold them off (Last Stand of the 300) by blocking the narrow mountain pass, Persians eventually win when Spartans are double-crossed. Effect -- Persians are able to advance towards Athens, Greek resolve to fight is strengthened. Event E -- Battle of Salamis Event Details -- In 479 BCE, the Persians sail to attack the Athenians who have fled their city. The battle takes place around Salamis, an island near Athens. Xerxes wanted to defeat the Greeks (led by Themistocles) before they had a chance to sail to Peloponnesus Outcome/Why? -- Themistocles tricks Xerxes into believing he’s willing to switch sides, Greeks trap large Persian ships in narrow channels around the island where the Persian ships can’t turn/maneuver easily, more agile Greek ships easily defeat the Persians (Persians lose 200 ships, Greeks lose 40). Effect -- Main Persian force retreats, over the next year Greeks drive the Persians completely from Asia Minor. Overall Effects of the Persian Wars: ● Introduction of a new military method known as the Greek phalanx. ○ Phalanx-rectangular military formation composed of heavy infantry, armed with heavy spears and spikes. ● The creation of the Delian League ○ ○ alliance of Greek city-states, led by Athens, to protect Greece from foreign attacks in the future. Members donated $ to pay for navy to protect Greece city-states. ● Greek culture continued to thrive and spread throughout the world. ○ If Persia would have won, the history of Ancient Greece and the world wouldn’t be what it is today.