Download Exploring the Americas

Chapter 17 Lesson 5
The War’s Final Stages


Mississippi River: under Union control; used
to block Confederate ports and cut off supply
routes throughout the South.
Ulysses S. Grant: appointed supreme military
commander of all Union forces.
• Sought to end the war through a massive
attack on all fronts.







Baker County, Florida.
February 20, 1864.
Union: General Truman
Seymour.
Confederacy: General Joseph
Finnegan.
Seymour landed troops in
Jacksonville that were to be
used to march on Tallahassee,
but were stopped in Baker
County by Joseph Finnegan.
Confederate forces did not
pursue the retreating Union
army due to the heroism of the
54th Massachusetts and the
35th US Colored regiments.
Was the largest Civil War battle
to occur in Florida.






Spotsylvania County and
Orange County, Virginia.
May 5-7, 1864.
Union: General George
Meade and General Ulysses
S. Grant.
Confederacy: General
Robert E. Lee.
Both armies suffered heavy
losses with any tactical
victor.
Grant disengaged this
battle, but continued his
offensive against Lee in an
effort of destroying the
Confederate army.







Also known as the Battle of
Spotsylvania.
Spotsylvania County and
Orange County, Virginia.
May 8-21, 1864.
Union: General George
Meade and General Ulysses
S. Grant.
Confederacy: General
Robert E. Lee.
Grant attempted to lure Lee
into a battlefield of his own
choosing.
Both armies suffered heavy
losses with any tactical
victor.







Hanover County, Virginia.
May 31 – June 12 , 1864.
Union: General George
Meade and General Ulysses
S. Grant.
Confederacy: General
Robert E. Lee.
Both armies suffered heavy
losses with any tactical
victor.
Grant attempted again to
destroy Lee’s army, but was
unsuccessful.
Lee was victorious in
defending against a larger
Union force.






Mobile, Alabama.
August 5, 1864.
Union: Admiral David
Farragut.
Confederacy: Admiral Franklin
Buchanan.
Farragut sacrificed one of his
ironclad monitors in a
minefield off the coast, but
was able to sail his entire fleet
into the harbor and destroy all
Confederate vessels.
Mobile was the last important
port on the Gulf of Mexico east
of the Mississippi for the
Confederacy.



General William Tecumseh Sherman: led Union forces in
the Savannah Campaign.
• After defeating General John Hood at Atlanta and
burning the city, Sherman marched army across Georgia,
obliterating any and all Confederate forces.
• Ended with the capture of the port of Savannah on
December 21, 1864.
• Total war: planned destruction of an entire land.
• After Savannah, Sherman continued march up towards
Richmond, Virginia, to meet up with Ulysses S. Grant.
Victories at Atlanta and Mobile Bay provided Lincoln with a
win in the election of 1864. Had Lincoln lost, the war
would have ended and the South would have been
recognized as an independent nation.
13th Amendment: passed by Congress January 31, 1865,
abolishing slavery throughout the entire United States.






Petersburg, Virginia.
June 9, 1864 – March 25, 1865.
Union: General Ulysses S. Grant and
General George Meade.
Confederacy: General Robert E. Lee.
Nine months of trench warfare in
which Union forces assaulted
Petersburg unsuccessfully. Grant,
however, refused to end his
offensive, dig in, and prevented
supplies from reaching Richmond
and Petersburg.
Upon the arrival of Union support
from Sherman’s army, Lee finally
gave in to the pressure and retreated
to Appomattox Court House.




Appomattox Court House: after losing Petersburg
and Richmond, Lee retreated to Appomattox Court
House; war ended on April 9, 1865.
Terms of Surrender:
• Surrender of all Virginia forces.
• Virginian officers could keep small firearms.
• Virginians could keep horses if owned.
• Full quarter provided to surrendered troops.
• Established peace between Virginians and the
Union.
More people died in the Civil War than any other
American war in history; over 600,000.
War results…
• The Union was saved.
• Gave more power to the federal government than
the states.
• Freed millions of African Americans.