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English II Honors - Grammar A clause – is a group of words that contains a verb and its subject and is used as a sentence or as part of a sentence. Every clause has a subject and a verb, but not all clauses express complete thoughts. Those that do are called independent clauses. Those that do not are called subordinate clauses. Independent clauses expresses a complete thought and can stand by itself as a sentence. The outfielders missed easy fly balls; on the other hand, the infielders didn’t. Subordinate clauses does not express a complete thought and can not stand alone as a sentence. whom we spoke to yesterday 1. One of the guests who spoke at the ceremony was Barbara Jordan. 2. According to my mother, Jordan spoke eloquently about the importance of values in our society. 3. Of course, her choice in subject matter surprised no one since Jordan had long been speaking on ethics for a while now in politics. 4. Two years after the speech, Jordan decided that she would retire from national politics. 1. One of the guest who spoke at the ceremony was Barbara Jordan. Subor. 2. According to my mother, Jordan spoke eloquently about the importance of values in our society. Indep. 3. Of course, her choice in subject matter surprised no one since Jordan had long been speaking on ethics for a while now in politics. Indep. 4. Two years after the speech, Jordan decided that she would retire from national politics. Subor. Short, simple sentences can be effective, a variety of sentences is usually more effective. To make choppy sentences into smoother writing, combine shorter sentences by changing some into subordinate clauses. Also, avoid repetition of subjects, verbs, and pronouns. Choppy: Ted runs everyday. Ted is in training. He is training for a marathon. Smooth: Ted, who is training for a marathon, runs everyday. Choppy I am reading a book. It is a historical novel. The book is about the Irish revolt of 1798. Make it a smooth sentence with a subordinate clause. I am reading a book that is a historical novel about the Irish revolt of 1798. Identify the underlined part. 1. Scientist have recently discovered that chameleons are not masters of disguise. 2. Their changes of color are not attempts at camouflage; they are responses to changes in light and temperature. 3. Chameleons, which dislike any contact, will tolerate it for the purpose of breeding. 4. When two chameleons cross paths, they do their best to frighten each other by hissing, snapping, and changing color. 5. Males occasionally fight, but most chameleons try to avoid physical confrontation. 1. subordinate 2. independent 3. subordinate 4. subordinate 5. independent Good job!!