Download Ancient Mesopotamia

HISTORY
Semester Exam Review
Mrs. Prestwood
Ancient Mesopotamia
1. Civilization:
2. Two rivers in Mesopotamia?
3. Mesopotamia means…
4. Mesopotamia’s Writing System
5. Hammurabi’s Code of Laws:
6. Who was Nebuchadnezzar?
7. What are the Hanging Gardens?
8. Who was Sargon?
9. What present day countries
occupy the Fertile Crescent?
10. Polytheism:
11. Ziggurat:
12. City-State:
13. Rural vs. Urban
14. Who created the alphabet?
Ancient Egypt
1. Why is Egypt the gift of the Nile?
2. River Valley advantages and
disadvantages…
3. Identify Osiris, Isis, and Re
4. Hieroglyphics:
5. Howard Carter discovered…
6. Why was King Tut called the boy
king?
7. Most important thing to the
Egyptians.
8. Great Pyramid:
9. Great Sphinx:
10. Rosetta Stone:
11. Discuss the embalming process
used in Ancient Egypt (49).
12. Pharaoh:
13. Exports and Imports.
14. Book of the Dead:
15. Cataracts:
16. Papyrus:
17. Dynasty:
18. Deities:
Ancient India
1. Caste System:
2. Missionaries:
3. Karma:
4. Reincarnation:
5. Buddha
6. Hinduism:
7. Sanskrit:
8. Monsoons:
9. Nirvana:
10. Gandhi
Ancient Greece
1. Aegean Civilizations
- Minoans (not Greek)
- Mycenaean
- Lived on the island of Crete. Made their wealth
from trade. By 2000 B.C., Minoan ships controlled
the eastern Mediterranean Sea
- Originally from central Asia. Invaded Greek
mainland around 1900 B.C. and conquered the
people living there. Mycenaean leaders became
first Greek kings, and their warriors became nobles
who ruled the conquered people. By 1400 B.C.
they replaced the Minoans as the major power on
the Mediterranean.
2. Trojan War:
3. Homer:
4. Aesop:
5. Greek Gods and Goddesses
- Zeus
- Athena
- Poseidon
- Hera
- Aphrodite
- Hades
6. Dark Age:
7. Pericles:
8. Peloponnesian War:
The Greeks (lead by the Mycenae king and the
brother of the King of Sparta) attack the city of
Troy – because the Prince of Troy kidnaps the
Spartan king’s wife. The battle lasts 10 years.
Finally, the Greeks come up with a plan…
Trickery.
Poet who wrote the epics (long poems) the Iliad
and the Odyssey.
Greek slave who wrote fables (short tales that teach
a lesson).
- Ruled the sky and threw lightening bolts.
God of all gods; chief god.
- Goddess of Wisdom
- God of the Seas
- Supreme goddess; patron of marriage and
childbirth; sister of and married to Zeus
- Goddess of Love
- God of the Underworld
The years between 1100 and 750 B.C. By 1100
B.C. Mycenaean civilization had collapsed.
Overseas trade slowed, and poverty took hold.
Farmers grew only enough food to meet their own
family’s needs. People stopped teaching others how
to write or do craftwork. Greeks had forgotten their
written language and how to make many things.
A general and leading figure in Athenian politics
after the Persian Wars. Helped Athens dominate
the Delian League.
War between Sparta and Athens. The Spartan army
surrounded Athens waiting for them to send out an
army and fight. Instead, all Athenians moved inside
the city walls to stay safe. The Athenian navy
delivered supplies from their colonies. Spartans had
no navy, therefore, they could not attack the
Athenian ships. The standoff continued for 25
years until the Spartans made a deal with the
Persians – an exchange of territory for enough
9. Sparta:
10. Athens:
11. Who were Greek citizens?
12. Direct and Representative
Democracy.
13. Oligarchy:
money to build a navy. In 405 B.C. Sparta’s new
navy destroyed the Athenian fleet. The next year,
the Athenians surrendered.
Founded by Dorians. Ruled by oligarchy - firmly
controlled by government. Militaristic. Trained
boys/men for war. At age seven, boys were
separated from families to live in the barracks.
They were treated harshly to make them tough. At
age 20, Spartan men entered the army. Expectation:
Win on the battlefield or die, but never to
surrender. Spartan girls/women were trained in
sports – keep fit to become healthy mothers.
Women lived at home, freer than most Greeks.
Women could own property. Since the Spartans
focused on military, they fell behind in trade and
education – frowned upon citizens who studied arts
and literature. ***Played key role in defending
Greece.
Early Athens was ruled by an oligarchy of nobles.
An assembly existed but had little power. Around
600 B.C. the Athenians began to rebel. In 508 B.C.
Cleisthenes, credited with making the Athenian
government a democracy, came to power and
reorganized the assembly to play a central role in
governing; he also created a new council of 500
citizens to help the assembly carry out daily
business. Athenian children were raised differently
than Spartans. Boys were taught reading, writing,
arithmetic, sports, and music. Girls stayed at home
and learned spinning, weaving, and other
household duties.
Free, native-born men who owned land.
Direct: People gather at mass meetings to decide on
government matters. All citizens can vote.
Representative: Citizens elect a small group to
make laws and governmental decisions on their
behalf.
A select few people hold power.
14. Mt. Olympus:
15. Polis:
16. Mythology:
17. Tyrant:
18. Alexander the Great:
19. Battle of Marathon:
20. Delian League:
21. Cyrus the Great:
22. Medusa:
23. The Parthenon:
24. The Dorians:
25. Democracy:
26. Helots:
27. Hellenistic Era:
The highest mountain in Greece, where 12 most
important gods and goddesses lived.
Greek city-state, like a tiny independent country.
Traditional stories about gods and heroes that
expressed the Greek people’s religious beliefs.
Someone who takes power by force and rules with
total authority.
Macedonian king who led his troops in the invasion
of the Persian Empire. Built Alexandria, a center of
business and trade, also one of the most important
cities in the ancient world. Also son of Phillip II.
One of history's most famous military
engagements. It is also one of the earliest recorded
battles. The Athenians’ victory over the Persian
invaders gave the fledgling Greek city-states
confidence in their ability to defend themselves and
belief in their continued existence. The battle is
therefore considered a defining moment in the
development of European culture.
Athens joined with other city-states, not Sparta, to
drive Persia out of Greek territories.
United Persians into a powerful kingdom. Under
Cyrus’ merciful rule, Persia began building an
empire larger than any yet seen in the world.
Religious temple.
Greek speaking people from Greece’s northern
mountains. Invaded Peloponnesus during the Dark
Age.
All citizens share in running the government.
Captive workers conquered by Spartans.
“like the Greeks” refers to a time when Greek
language and Greek ideas spread to non-Greek
people of Asia.