Download Unit Seven: The Cold War Begins: 1945…

Unit Eight: The Cold War Begins (1945… )
Chapter 18 Learning Objectives
Directions: Answer each of the numbered questions thoroughly and in outline format. Make sure to copy the
general Learning Objectives (A, B, C, etc.) as well as the specific numbered questions. Clearly distinguish
your answer from the question and please keep the outline format when answering the question. For
example, if answering question #1, your answer(s) should be written as a., b., c. etc. Remember, outlines
always go number, letter, number, letter. Lastly, please reread your notes from the section then, at the bottom
of your homework, summarize, in one paragraph, emphasizing what you learned and what you think are the
most important points.
I. Origins of the Cold War
A. Explain the breakdown in relations between the United States and the Soviet Union
after World War II.
1. What caused suspicions between the United States and the Soviet Union during
World War II?
2. How did the United States and the Soviet Union relate to each other at the
United Nations?
3. How did Truman become president?
4. What happened at the Potsdam Conference?
B. Summarize the steps taken to contain Soviet influence.
1. What was the source of the disagreement between the United States and the
Soviet Union after WWII?
2. What action did the Soviet Union take in Europe that was opposed by the
United States?
3. What was the policy of containment and to what countries did it apply?
C. Describe how the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan deepened Cold War
tensions.
1. What was the Truman Doctrine?
2. What was the Marshall Plan?
D. Explain how conflicts over Germany increased fear of Soviet aggression.
1. What was the situation in Berlin after the war?
2. What caused Stalin to close access to Berlin?
3. How did the Allies get supplies to West Berlin?
4. Why was the NATO alliance formed?
II.
The Cold War Heats Up
A. Explain how Communists came to power in China and how the United States
reacted.
1. What contributed to renewed civil war in China?
2. What was the outcome of the civil war in China?
3. How did the outcome of the Chinese civil war affect politics in the US?
B. Summarize the events of the Korean War.
1. How did Korea become divided into two countries?
2. How did the Korean War start?
3. Why did the United States go to the aid of South Korea?
C. Explain the conflict between President Truman and General MacArthur.
1. What did MacArthur’s counterattack at Inchon accomplish?
2. What brought China into the war?
3. What caused the disagreement between MacArthur and Truman?
4. How did the Korean War end?
III.
The Cold War at Home
A. Describe the government efforts to investigate the loyalty of US citizens.
1. Why were Americans worried about the security of the United States?
2. What was the purpose of the Loyalty Review Board?
3. What did the House Un-American Activities Committee do?
4. Who were the Hollywood Ten?
B. Explain the spy cases of Alger Hiss and Julius and Ethel Rosenberg.
1. Why was State Department official Alger Hiss investigated?
2. Who were Julius and Ethel Rosenberg and what was significant about their
execution?
C. Describe the efforts of Senator Joseph McCarthy to investigate alleged Communist
influence in the Unite States.
1. What was controversial about McCarthy’s tactics?
2. Why did most Republicans remain silent about McCarthy’s “Witch Hunt”?
3. What caused McCarthy’s downfall?
4. What other anti-Communist measures were enacted in the early 1950s?
IV.
Two Nations Live on the Edge
A. Explain the policy of brinksmanship.
1. How does the hydrogen bomb differ from the atomic bomb?
2. What was the policy of brinksmanship and what were its consequences?
B. Describe the American and Soviet Actions that caused the Cold War to spread
around the world.
1. What covert actions did the United States undertake in the Middle East and
Latin America?
2. What was the Warsaw Pact?
3. What happened at the Geneva Summit?
4. How did conflict over the Suez Canal start a war in the Middle East?
5. What was the Eisenhower Doctrine?
6. What happened during the Hungarian uprising?
C. Summarize the impact of Sputnik and the U-2 incident on the United States.
1. Who took over the USSR after Stalin’s death and how did his policies differ?
2. How did the Soviet launch of Sputnik affect the United States?
3. How did the U-2 flight of Francis Gary Powers influence US-Soviet relations?