Download THE EARLY COLD WAR YEARS

The Americans become increasingly
impatient with the Soviets.
2.
The State Department asked the
American Embassy in Moscow to explain
Soviet behavior.
3.
On February 22, 1946, George Kennan
an American diplomat, responded with
the Long Telegram.
4.
In the telegram:
a.
Kennan discussed Russian insecurity
and fear of the West and why it was
impossible to reach an agreement.
b.
He proposed a long-term
containment of Russian expansion.
1.
This led to Truman’s policy of containment
1.
2.
Containment - keeping communism within its
present territory
Containment would involve diplomatic, economic,
and military actions.
Iran and Oil
1.
2.
3.
4.
After WWII, Soviet troops
remained in northern Iran,
demanding access to Iran’s
oil supplies.
Soviet troops helped
Communists in northern
Iran set up a separate
government.
The United States
demanded their withdrawal
and sent a US battleship into
the eastern Mediterranean.
The Soviets withdrew from
Iran.
The Truman Doctrine.
1.
2.
3.
4.
On March 12, 1947, Truman went before congress to request
$400 million to fight Soviet aggression in Greece and Turkey.
The Policy became known as the Truman Doctrine.
Its purpose was to stabilize the Greek government and ease
Soviet demands in Turkey.
It became the United State’s pledge to stop communism in the
world.
1.
2.
3.
Postwar Western
Europe faced
economic ruin and
starvation.
In June 1947, Secretary
of State George C.
Marshall proposed the
European Recovery
Program called the
Marshall Plan.
The Plan would give
European nations
American Aid to
rebuild.
4. The Plan was an effort to
fight hunger, poverty,
and chaos.
5. The Soviet Union and its
satellite nations in
Eastern Europe
rejected the offer and
developed their own
economic program.
6. The Marshall Plan gave
billions of dollars
worth of supplies,
machinery, and food to
Western Europe
7. It lessened the appeal of
communism and
opened new trade
markets.
By early 1948, the United
States, Great Britain,
and France merged their
zones in Germany and
in Berlin,
1.
2.
The allied part became
West Germany.
The Soviet zone
eventually became
known as East
Germany.
In June 1948, Soviet troops
stopped all road and rail
traffic to West Berlin
They hoped to force
Americans to renegotiate
Germany’s status or give up
Berlin.
2. In Response, Truman sent
long-range bombers with
atomic weapons to bases in
Britain.
3. Truman then ordered the
Berlin Airlift.
4. For eleven months, cargo
planes supplied Berliners with
food, medicine, and coal.
5. Stalin finally lifted the
blockade on May 12.
1.
 What were the goals
of the Truman
Doctrine and the
Marshall Plan?
 What triggered the
beginning of the
Berlin airlift?
Congress supported
American participation
in a military alliance
with Western Europe.
2. NATO - a mutual
defense alliance, 12
nations originally
3. The members agreed to
come to the aid of any
member who was
attacked.
1.
The Warsaw Pact.
1. The US and its allies allowed West Germany to
join NATO.
2. Soviet leaders responded with their own Eastern
Europe alliance known as the Warsaw Pact.
Members of NATO
and Warsaw Pacts
China turns Red
1.
Communist forces and Nationalist
forces had been battling since the
late 1920s.
2.
The two had stopped their war
during World War II in an effort to
resist Japanese occupation.
3.
With the end of World War II,
civil war broke out again.
4.
The Nationalists were defeated
after poor leadership caused the
US to stop sending aid.
5.
In October 1949, Communists set
up the People’s Republic of China,
led by Mao Zedong.
First Soviet Nuclear Test
Announced, In
September, 1949.
China and USSR signed a
treaty of friendship
and alliance, early
1950.
The United States was able to keep Communist China out
of the United Nations
1.
2.
The UN allowed Nationalists from Taiwan to retain their
seats.
The Soviets boycotted the UN.
Japan
1. The US lost China as its main ally in Asia
2. It then adopted policies to encourage the quick
recovery of Japan’s industrial economy.
3. The US saw Japan as its key in defending Asia.
 How did the revolution in
China affect American
foreign policy with Japan?
Korea Splits
1.
2.
3.
At the end of World War II,
American and Soviet forces
entered Korea to disarm Japanese
troops stationed there.
The Allies divided Korea at the
38th parallel of latitude.
Soviet troops controlled the north
and set up a Communist
government.
4.
5.
6.
American troops controlled the south
with an American-backed government.
The Soviets gave military aid to the north
On June 25, 1950, North Korean troops
invaded South Korea.
UN “Police Action”
1. Truman asked the UN to act against the
Communist invasion of South Korea.
2. Without the Soviets in the UN sent a force led
by American and South Korean Troops.
The Korean War
1. North Korean troops pushed
the South Korean and
Americans to the very tip of
South Korea.
2. US / S. Korean forces held
them off long enough to
allow MacArthur to perform
a daring invasion behind
enemy lines.
3. They were then able to push
the N. Koreans back all the
way to the very N. of Korea.
China Joins the War
1.
2.
3.
The Communist Chinese government saw the UN troops as
a threat and demanded that they stop advancing.
After being ignored, China began a massive attack with
hundreds of thousands of Chinese troops heading across
the border
They drove UN forces back.
General MacArthur Fired
1. General MacArthur demanded
approval to expand the war against
China.
2. Truman refused MacArthur’s
demands.
3. MacArthur publicly criticized the
president.
4. Truman fired MacArthur
5. Truman was committed to limited
war, a war fought to achieve a
limited objective such as
containing communism.
By 1951 UN forces had pushed Chinese and
North Koreans back across the 38th
parallel. An armistice was signed July
1953.
The Korean War was an important turning
point in the Cold War.
1.
2.
Instead of just using political pressure
and economic aid to contain
communism, the United States began
a major military buildup.
The Korean War expanded the Cold
War beyond Europe and into Asia.
 How did President
Truman view the
Communist invasion of
South Korea?
Korean War Memorial: Washington D.C.