Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Transport and Climate Change: Priorities for World Bank-GEF Projects Todd M. Johnson World Bank March 31, 2003 Transport Sector in Developing Countries • Transport is a major source of GHGs and is projected to increase (UNFCCC) • GEF Operational Program on Transport (OP11) established to address this sector Urban Transport & Climate Change Strategy for World Bank/GEF • • • • World Bank Urban Transport Strategy GEF OP11 Priorities Overlap & Synergies Recommended priorities for urban transport & climate change for World Bank/GEF projects GEF Operational Program #11: Original Scope • Modal shifts to more efficient and less polluting forms of public and freight transport Traffic management and avoidance Increased use of cleaner fuels • Non-motorized transport • Low or no emission technologies Fuel cell or battery operated 2- and 3 wheelers Hydrogen powered fuel cell or battery operated vehicles Internal combustion engine – electric hybrid buses • Converting biomass feedstock to liquid fuels Four Key Elements of World Bank UTS Review Priorities of the GEF OP11 (i) Structural land-use changes (ii) Improved operational efficiency of transport modes (iii) Better focusing of pro-poor intervention s (iv) PIF Reforms (i) Modal shifts (ii) NMT (iii) Fuel-cell or battery-operated 2- or 3-wheel vehicles (iv) Hydrogenpowered fuel cells or battery-operated public or freight vehicles (v) ICE-electric hybrid vehicles (vi) Advanced biofuels Key: Minimal. overlap - ; Some overlap - ; Maximum overlap - . World Bank Urban Transport Strategy Review Four Key Elements Priorities of GEF/STAP for Modal Shifts to Sustainable Urban Transport Modes (i) Structural land use changes (ii) Improved operational efficiency of transport modes (iii) Better focusing of pro-poor interventions (iv) Policy, institutional & fiscal reforms (i) Public Rapid Transit (ii) Transport Demand Management (iii) NMT (iv) Land-Use Planning Key: Minimal. overlap - ; Some overlap - ; Maximum overlap - . Climate Change Benefits of Public Transportation Impact of an Additional Bus (IEA – 2002) Standard bus: 65% reduction in fuel use/CO2 Euro II clean bus: 65-70% reduction in fuel use/CO2 Euro IV clean bus: 65-70% reduction in fuel use/CO2 Zero-emissions bus: 70% reduction in fuel use/CO2 Most of the GHG reduction benefit is achieved by moving to buses – the technology employed plays a minor role from a GHG perspective. Preserve and Expand NMT Options • Motorized transport development and safety concerns often reduce existing NMT usage • Low capital investment requirements make bike and pedestrian transport accessible to low income groups • NMT has a negative image in many countries Environmental Impacts 1600 1400 Global damage 1200 UD $ million • Transport (and other small sources) account for a disproportionately higher share of local air pollution impacts compared to total emissions • Local damages usually much greater than global damages in developing countries 1000 Local damage 800 600 400 200 0 Power plants Large boilers Vehicles Small furnaces WB/GEF Transport Projects Marikina Bikeways, Manila Mexico City Air Quality Lima Urban Transport Santiago Urban Transport Marikina Bikeways Project, Manila • Design and operate a system of bike trails and designated lanes for NMT • Use NMT to connect residential communities with schools, employment centers, the new metropolitan train station, and other public transport terminals • Avoid the “crowding-out” of NMT modes Transport Corridors in Mexico City • Modelled after successful experiences in other Latin American cities • Development of busway corridors that support metro-bus integration and improve the environmental performance, economic efficiency, and image of public transport Lima and Santiago Projects • Direct or indirect support for segregated busways • Bikeway promotion • Transport demand management measures • Transport and urban planning Summary of Emerging WB Priorities for OP11 Cost-effective public transport Non-motorized transport Transport and Land-use Planning Transport Demand Management Other: regulations and standards; technology options. Targeted research on transport and climate change