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Download MODERN GREEK VERBS (without much grammatical jargon)
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Queens College, ELL, GRKMD 112 I. Zikoudis MODERN GREEK VERBS (without much grammatical jargon) Verbs are words describing actions. Modern Greek verbs are divided into two main categories: A) verbs ending in – ω A) – B) verbs ending in –μαι ω verbs are further divided into 3 subcategories (call them ‘omega 3’ and think of them as being very ‘healthy’ for one to learn!): 1) verbs ending in consonant + ω : e.g. θέλω, ξέρω, καταλαβαίνω, καθαρίζω 2) verbs ending in vowel + ω, most of them ending in ά + ω: e.g. μιλάω, γελάω, τραγουδάω, φοράω, πονάω (κλαίω, φταίω, λέω, ακούω, εμπνέω) 3) verbs having the stress on the last syllable – απορώ, αδιαφορώ, τιμωρώ, ανησυχώ ώ e.g. ζω, μπορώ, οδηγώ, ταλαιπωρώ, Verb endings indicate the person responsible for the action of the verb and as a result the speaker/writer of M. Greek does not have to provide the name of the person responsible for the action or even a personal pronoun in his or her place. Verb endings are standardized and have the following form: verbs ending in consonant verbs ending in vowel +ω ω + verbs having the stress on the last syllable – ώ θέλω -ω πονάω -άω μπορώ -ώ θέλεις -εις πονάς -άς μπορείς -είς θέλει -ει πονάει -άει μπορεί -εί θέλουμε -ουμε πονάμε -άμε μπορούμε -ούμε θέλετε -ετε πονάτε -άτε μπορείτε -είτε θέλουν -ουν (ε) πονάν -άν (ε) μπορούν -ούν (ε) Queens College, ELL, GRKMD 112 I. Zikoudis B) verbs ending in –μαι could be classified as verbs describing: 1. EMOTIONS Χαίρομαι: to be glad Λυπάμαι: to be sorry Φοβάμαι: to be afraid Αισθάνομαι: to feel Ντρέπομαι: to feel shame, to be embarrassed Ζαλίζομαι: to feel dizzy 2. BRAIN ACTIVITY Θυμάμαι: to remember Φαντάζομαι: to imagine Ονειρεύομαι: to dream Σκέφτομαι: to think Αφαιρούμαι: to get lost in daydreaming, to get distracted 3. STATIVE VERBS (indicating the state the body is in) στέκομαι: to stand κάθομαι: to sit σηκώνομαι: to stand up έρχομαι: to come βρίσκομαι: to be κουράζομαι: to get tired ξεκουράζομαι: to relax πλένω τα πιάτα / πλένομαι: to wash myself 4. REFLEXIVE VERBS (things I do to myself) καθαρίζω το σπίτι / καθαρίζομαι: to clean myself γράφω ένα βιβλίο / γράφομαι στο κολλέγιο: to register myself ντύνω τα παιδιά / ντύνομαι: to dress myself γυμνάζω αθλητές / γυμνάζομαι: to train myself, to work out ασχολούμαι: to keep myself busy εργάζομαι: to employ myself, to work διορθώνομαι: to correct myself ενδιαφέρομαι: I find myself interested in Queens College, ELL, GRKMD 112 B) I. Zikoudis –μαι verbs are divided into 4 subcategories: 1) verbs ending in -ομαι : χαίρομαι, έρχομαι, βρίσκομαι 2) verbs ending in -άμαι : λυπάμαι, θυμάμαι, κοιμάμαι 3) verbs ending in -ιέμαι : κρατιέμαι, γελιέμαι, γαργαλιέμαι 4) verbs ending in -ούμαι : ασχολούμαι, αιτούμαι, θεωρούμαι Verb endings indicate the person responsible for the action of the verb and as a result the speaker/writer of M. Greek does not have to provide the name of the person responsible for the action or even a personal pronoun in his or her place. Verb endings are standardized and have the following form: verbs ending in verbs ending in -ομαι -άμαι χαίρομαι -ομαι κοιμάμαι -άμαι χαίρεσαι -εσαι κοιμάσαι -άσαι χαίρεται -εται κοιμάται -άται χαιρόμαστε -όμαστε κοιμόμαστε -όμαστε χαιρόσαστε/χαίρεστε -όσαστε/-εστε κοιμόσαστε/κοιμάστε -όσαστε/-άστε χαίρονται -ονται κοιμούνται -ούνται verbs ending in verbs ending in -ιέμαι –ούμαι βαριέμαι -ιέμαι θεωρούμαι -ούμαι βαριέσαι -ιέσαι θεωρείσαι -είσαι βαριέται -ιέται θεωρείται -είται βαριόμαστε -ιόμαστε θεωρούμαστε -ούμαστε βαριόσαστε/βαριέστε -ιόσαστε/-ιέστε θεωρείστε -είστε βαριούνται -ιούνται θεωρούνται -ούνται Queens College, ELL, GRKMD 112 I. Zikoudis General note on verbs A number of Tenses are formed after the stem (root) of the verb in the Present Tense. These Tenses are called here ‘Continuous’ (others call them ‘Imperfective’) and characteristically leave the action of the verb open in time, incomplete, repeated constantly or simply going on forever and ever. Such Tenses are the Future Cont., Subjunctive Cont., Continuous Negative Command and Past Continuous (also called Past Progressive or Imperfect by some grammar books). Another number of Tenses are formed after the stem (root) of the verb in the Past Tense. They are called ‘Simple’ or ‘Perfective’ Tenses and describe the action of the verb as one to be completed once or during a specific (restricted, limited) time. Such Tenses are the Future Simple, Subjunctive Simple, Simple Command and Simple Negative Command. The form of the Present Perfect Tense is also based on the stem of the Past Tense and indicates an action that has been completed in the past but its effects are still visible or hold true in the Present. Α. –ω verbs Α1. Regular verbs μαθαίνω μαθαίνω Present Έμαθα έμαθα Simple Past μαθαιν - θα μαθαίνω Fut. Cont. μαθ- θα μάθω Fut. Simple να μαθαίνω Subj. Cont. να μάθω Subj. Simpl. μην μαθαίνεις Neg. Comm. μην μάθεις Neg. Comm. μάθαινα Past Cont./Progr. έχω μάθει Pres. Perfect είχα μάθει Past Perfect Μάθε, μάθετε Simp. Comm. Imperfect Μάθαινε, μαθαίνετε Command Queens College, ELL, GRKMD 112 I. Zikoudis A2. Irregular verbs Βλέπω βλέπω Present είδα είδα Simple Past βλεπ - θα βλέπω Fut. Cont. δ- θα δω Fut. Simple να βλέπω Subj. Cont. να δω Subj. Simpl. μην βλέπεις Neg. Comm. μην δεις Neg. Comm. έ-βλεπ-α Past Cont./Progr. έχω δει Pres. Perfect είχα δει Past Perfect Δες, δέστε Simp. Comm. Imperfect βλέπε, βλέπετε B. –μαι Command verbs Ντύνομαι ντύνομαι Present Ντύθηκα ντύθηκα Simple Past ντυν- θα ντύνομαι Fut. Cont. ντυθ- θα ντυθώ Fut. Simple να ντύνομαι Subj. Cont. να ντυθώ Subj. Simpl. μην ντύνεσαι Neg. Comm. μην ντυθείς Neg. Comm. ντυν-όμουν Past Cont. έχω ντυθεί Pres. Perfect είχα ντυθεί Past Perfect Imperfect Queens College, ELL, GRKMD 112 I. Zikoudis κοιμάμαι κοιμάμαι Present κοιμήθηκα κοιμήθηκα Simple Past κοιμ- θα κοιμάμαι Fut. Cont. κοιμηθ- θα κοιμηθώ Fut. Simple να κοιμάμαι Subj. Cont. να κοιμηθώ Subj. Simpl. μην κοιμάσαι Neg. Comm. μην κοιμηθείς Neg. Comm. κοιμ-όμουν Past Cont./ έχω κοιμηθεί Pres. Perfect είχα κοιμηθεί Past Perfect Imperfect βαριέμαι βαριέμαι Present βαρέθηκα βαρέθηκα Simple Past βαρ- θα βαριέμαι Fut. Cont. βαρεθ- θα βαρεθώ Fut. Simple να βαριέμαι Subj. Cont. να βαρεθώ Subj. Simpl. μην βαριέσαι Neg. Comm. μην βαρεθείς Neg. Comm. βαρ-ιόμουν Past Cont./Progr. έχω βαρεθεί Pres. Perfect είχα βαρεθεί Past Perfect Imperfect ασχολούμαι ασχολούμαι Present ασχολήθηκα ασχολήθηκα Simple Past ασχολ- θα ασχολούμαι Fut. Cont. ασχοληθ- θα ασχοληθώ Fut. Simple να ασχολούμαι Subj. Cont. να ασχοληθώ Subj. Simpl. μην ασχολείσαι Neg. Comm. μην ασχοληθείς Neg. Comm. ασχολ-ιόμουν Past Cont έχω ασχοληθεί Pres. Perf. είχα ασχοληθεί Past Perfect Imperfect