Download Islam shared community - Coach Hutson

WHAP – Hutson-- Unit 3 Age of Accelerating Connections, 500-1500
Chapter 11 The Worlds of Islam -- Afro-Eurasian Connections, 600–1500
“Islam was simultaneously both a single
world of shared meaning & interaction -ANDa series of separate & distinct communities,
often in conflict with one another.”
What evidence could you provide to support
both sides of this argument?
“Islam was simultaneously both a single world of shared meaning & interaction & a series
of separate and distinct communities, often in conflict with one another.”
What evidence could you provide to support both sides of this argument?
At the core of a single Islamic world was a
common commitment to Islam.
The ulama through education & Sufis through
their associations served to bind the Islamic
world together.
It also cohered as an immense arena of
exchange in which goods, technologies, crops,
and ideas circulated widely.
WHAP – Mr. Duez -- Unit 3 Age of Accelerating Connections
Ch 11 Islam -- Afro-Eurasian Connections, 600–1500
“Islam was simultaneously both a single world of shared meaning and interaction
and a series of separate and distinct communities, often in conflict with one
another.” What evidence could you provide to support both sides of this argument?
However, Islam was separate &
distinct in that is was politically
fragmented.
It included numerous distinct &
sometimes hostile religious
traditions, including Sunni/Shia &
ulama/Sufi splits.
It embraced distinctive cultural
traditions from sub-Saharan
Africa & Southeast Asia that
resulted in different attitudes
toward social and cultural
norms, such as those concerning
women.
“What changes did Islamic expansion generate in those societies that encountered it, &
how was Islam itself transformed by those encounters?”
However, Islam was separate. Populations of many regions
converted wholly or partly to the Islamic faith.
★ Regions of the Islamic world were tied more closely together
through trade & the exchange of technologies, crops, &
ideas.
★ Older religious & political traditions were at times swept
away or at least altered.
★ Islam was transformed through these encounters,
especially when the norms of those societies that converted
had an impact on the social and cultural implications of
the faith.
★ The Islamic world & the understanding of Islam itself was
shaped by contact with intellectual and cultural traditions
like Greek philosophy.
What is the relationship between the Quran, hadiths, ulama, & sharia?
RELIGIOUS TEXTS:
Quran: (pron. kuh- RAHN) Also transliterated as Qur’án &
Koran, this is the most holy text of Islam, recording the
revelations given to the prophet Muhammad.
Hadiths: (pron. hah-DEETHS) Traditions passed on about
the sayings or actions of Muhammad & his immediate
followers; hadiths rank second only to the Quran as a
source of Islamic law.
INTERPRETER OF RELIGIOUS TEXTS:
ulama: (pron. oo-leh-MAH)Islamic religious scholars.
INTERPRETATION OF THE RELIGIOUS TEXT = LAW:
sharia: (pron. sha-REE-ah) Islamic law, dealing with all
matters of both secular and religious life.
What is the difference between imams, shaykhs & caliphs?
RELIGIOUS TEXTS:
imams: (pron. EE-mahms) In Shia Islam, leaders with high
religious authority; the twelve imams of early Shia Islam
were Mohammed's nephew Ali and his descendants.
shaykhs: (pron. SHAKES)Sufi teachers who attracted a
circle of disciples and often founded individual schools of
Sufism.
caliphs: "representative" of Allah on earth. Rightly Guided
Caliphs: The first four rulers of the Islamic world (632–661)
after the death of Muhammad. “companions of the Prophet”
RELIGIOUS DIVISIONS:
Sunni Muslim = caliphs chosen by election.
Shia Muslims = appointment by god, or
bloodline.
What is the difference between Islam & Hinduism in India?
Sufis were particularly important in
facilitating conversion, for India had
always valued “god-filled men” who were
detached from worldly affairs.
Sufi missionaries, willing to
accommodate local gods and religious
festivals, helped to develop a “popular
Islam” that was not always so sharply
distinguished from Hinduism.
Sharp cultural divide between Islam &
Hinduism. Islam was the most radically
monotheistic of the world’s religions,
forbidding any representation of Allah,
while Hinduism was surely among the
most prolifically polytheistic, generating
endless statues and images of the divine in
many forms.
Muslim = equality of all believers
Hindu = hierarchical assumptions of the
caste system (Sufi Muslim - particularly
attractive to the lower castes &
untouchables)
The first Mughal Emperor Babur & his warriors
visit a Hindu Temple.
What is the difference between Islam & Hinduism in India?
Reaction against the distraction
of worldly success: Sufis
Renounced the material world in
the pursuance of spiritual union
with Allah.
The ulama & Sufism weren’t
entirely incompatible but there
was often tension between the 2
approaches.
Sufi missionaries helped to
convert groups in Anatolia or
India to Islam by suggesting
that Christianity & Islam were
merely different expressions of
the same faith.
The first Mughal Emperor Babur & his warriors
visit a Hindu Temple.
The Sufis, sometimes called the “friends of God,” were
the mystics of Islam, those for whom the direct,
personal, & intoxicating experience of the divine
source was of far greater importance than the laws,
regulations, & judgments of the sharia.
-Constituted one of the transregional networks that
linked the far-flung domains of the Islamic world.
-Allowed for greater participation from women.
Sikhism
A hybrid of Islam and Hinduism that
came together to form a new religion.
During the early 16th century, a new &
distinct religious tradition emerged in
India, known as
Sikhism: blended elements of Islam,
such as devotion to one universal
God, with Hindu concepts, such as
karma and rebirth.
“There is no Hindu and no Muslim. All
are children of God,” declared Guru
Nanak (1469–1539), the founder of
Sikhism.
Very similar to the process of how
Buddhism spread into China & the
Chinese people changing it to suit
Map 11.1 The Arab Empire and the Initial Expansion of Islam, 622–900
Far more so than with Buddhism or Christianity, the initial spread of Islam was both rapid and extensive. And unlike the other
two world religions, Islam gave rise to a huge empire, ruled by Muslim Arabs, which encompassed many of the older
civilizations of the region.
Map 11.3 The Ottoman Empire by the Mid-Fifteenth Century
As Turkic-speaking migrants bearing the religion of Islam penetrated Anatolia, the Ottoman Empire took shape, reaching into
southeastern Europe and finally displacing the Christian Byzantine Empire. Subsequently, it came to control much of the
Middle East and North Africa as well. The Ottoman Empire becomes the most powerful Islamic state until the twentieth
century.
“Ottoman Empire”... get it?
Istanbul during the time of the Ottoman Empire.
The Great Mosque at Jenne
This mosque in the city of Jenne, initially constructed in the thirteenth century, illustrates the assimilation of Islam into West
African civilization. Islam spread especially among merchants, thanks to the inclusion of a major Islamic trading network,
rather than by conquest and Islamic rule.
The 14th century Arab visitor Ibn
Battuta was appalled that practicing
Muslims in Mali permitted their women
to appear in public almost naked and to
mingle freely with unrelated men.
“The association of women with men is
agreeable to us,” he was told, “and a part
of good conduct to which no suspicion
attaches. They are not like the women of
your country.”
Ibn Battuta also noted with disapproval
a “dance of the masks” on the occasion
of an Islamic festival and the traditional
practice of sprinkling dust on their
heads as a sign of respect for the king.
In such ways, Islam became Africanized
even as parts of Africa became
Islamized.