Download Lower Extremity Skeletal Anatomy

Lower Extremity
Skeletal Anatomy
The Hips & Pelvis
• Bones making up
the hips/pelvis…
– Sacrum (1)
– Coccyx (1)
– Illium (2)
– Pubis (2)
– Ischium (2)
• Sit on it
The Hips & Pelvis
• The pelvis is a ring of bone serving 3 basic
functions…
– A protector for the bladder and intestines
– Protector of internal reproductive organs (in females)
– Provides anchor points for muscles and tendons from
muscles in the legs and abdomen
• Injuries are common to these bones because of
their close proximity to the surface of the body and
their lack of protective tissues
Bone of the Leg
• The Femur
– Largest bone in body
– Bears the brunt of the load
with any locomotor activity
or when simply standing
– Superior end articulates with
the hip, inferior end
articulates with the tibia
Bone of the Leg
• Patella
– Sesamoid bone
imbedded in the
patellar tendon
• Tibia
– On medial side of leg
– Weight bearing bone of
the lower leg
– Makes up the upper
part of ankle at inferior
end (medial side)
Bone of the Leg
• Fibula
– Located on lateral side of low
leg
– Non-weight bearing bone
– Makes up the upper part of
the ankle complex on the
inferior-lateral side
The Bones of the Ankle
• Inner ankle knob
– Medial maleolus of tibia
• Outer ankle knob
– Lateral maleolus of
fibula
• Talus (ankle bone)
– Bears the brunt of the
force between the foot
and lower leg
• Calcaneus (heel bone)
The Foot
• Foot bones are
divided into 3
groups
– Forefoot
– Midfoot
– Hindfoot
The Foot
• The forefoot
consists of…
– The phalanges
(toes)
– Metatarsals
• Form the arch of
the foot
The Foot
• The midfoot consists of…
– 5 tarsal bones that also
help to form the arch of
the foot
– Cuboid
• Connects calcaneus to
forefoot
– Cuneiforms (3)
• Form the actual arch
– Navicular
• Connects cuneiforms to
talus
The Foot
• The hindfoot consists
of…
– Talus
– Calcaneus
• These two bones
connect the foot to
the ankle and the
ankle to the leg