Download 1 The term used to refer to living things ? A: Biotic The term used to

The term used to refer to living things
________________? A: Biotic
The term used to refer to the nonliving factors ie light,
temperature, water____________? A: Abiotic
This term used to refer to all the living things of one
type in an area is ________? A: Population
This term means all the living things in the area (several
different populations) and is _______? A: Community
This term refers to living things which are part of
natural community and is ______? A: Native species
This term is used to refer to organisms not native to an
area and is ________? Exotic or invasive species
The term used to refer to a specific area with certain
biotic and abiotic factors is an ____? A: Ecosystem
The term used to refer to the travel of nutrients
through an ecosystem is _____? A: Nutrient cycle
The term used to refer to a list of organisms based on
feeding relationships is _______? A: Food chain
The term used to refer to several food chains which
interconnect is ______? A: Food web
The term used to refer to the ability to work, some
passed from one organism to another is ___? A: Energy
The term used for an organism that eats only plants is
______? A: herbivore
The term for an organism that eats only meat is a
_________? A: Carnivore
The term for an organism that eats both plants and meat
is an _____? A: Omnivore
The term for an organism that gets its food by breaking
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down wastes is _____? A: Decomposer
The term used to refer to any ecosystem on land is
____? A: Terrestrial
The term used to refer to any ecosystem in the water is
_________? A: Aquatic
The term used to refer to living things that live in/on
other living things (hosts) is ____? A: Parasite
The term for an organism that hunts another for its
food is ________? A: Predator
The term for an organism that is hunted by another for
its food is _________? A: Prey
The term used for all water on or near Earth is the
___________________? A: Hydrosphere
The term for all air on or near Earth’s surface is the
__________________? A: Atmosphere
The term for the solid rocky crust covering the Earth is
the _____________? A: Lithosphere
The term for all living things on Earth is called the
_________________? A: Biosphere
The study of the interactions between living and
nonliving factors is called ______? A: Ecology
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Summary from previous lesson:
The earth isn't perfectly round, it is slightly fattened at the north and south poles.
Scientists have the dated the Earth as being between 4 and 5 billion years old!
Earth is mostly iron, oxygen and silicon
70% of the Earth's surface is covered in water
The Atmosphere:
Made up of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and <1% argon, water vapour, carbon dioxide and other
gases
Acts like a blanket and moderates surface temperatures.
The Lithosphere:
Earth’s outer layer, the rocky shell of Earth
The mountains, ocean floors and rest of Earth’s solid landscape.
Ranges from 50 to 150 km in thickness
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The Hydrosphere:
Made up of all the water on Earth:
Solid - glaciers
Liquid – lakes, oceans, etc and groundwater
Gas – clouds, water vapour
97% of Earth’s water is contained in the oceans.
The Biosphere:
The zone around Earth where life can exist
Most can be found on land and in water
Some micro-organisms can live several kms below the earth’s surface
Can have artificial biospheres
Ecosystem:
Most natural ecosystems can remain constant over a long period of time.
Human activity can interfere with the ability of ecosystems to survive.
Humans have made artificial ecosystems (golf course, fish tanks, etc). These take a lot of work
to maintain.
Energy:
Radiant energy – comes from the sun
Thermal energy – energy transferred during heating and cooling
Photosynthesis: Carbon dioxide + water
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Scavengers (any level) – feeds on the remains of other organisms
Ecological Pyramid
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Water Cycle
Shows how water takes different forms and moves through the environment
Water evaporates from the surface water (lakes, rivers, oceans), travels to the clouds, falls down
again as rain, snow or hail.
Water that falls on land can move through the soil and form ground water or enter lakes/rivers
and be surface water
Water also moves from the roots to the leaves of plants and then leaves the plant by way of
transpiration
Carbon cycle:
Most exchange happens by way of photosynthesis – making sugar (energy) from carbon dioxide
Carbon deposits – when carbon is stored (fossil fuels, plant tissues)
Carbon sinks – when CO2 is stored in oceans (dissolved in water)
Humans can affect the cycle:
Car exhaust increases CO2
Deforestation means that there are fewer trees photosynthesizing
Leads to global warming
Melting ice caps, increasing temperatures
Nitrogen Cycle:
Most N used is taken from the atmosphere, changed into useable forms by nitrogen fixing
bacteria
This useable forms of N can be used to make proteins
Lightening can also “fix” N
N goes into the soil and when producers are consumed it is passed on to the consumers.
There are 14 essential plant nutrients. Carbon and oxygen are absorbed from the air, while other
nutrients including water are obtained from the soil. Plants must obtain the following mineral
nutrients from the growing media:[2]
the primary macronutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K)
the three secondary macronutrients: calcium (Ca), sulphur (S), magnesium (Mg)
the micronutrients/trace minerals: boron (B), chlorine (Cl), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn),
copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni)
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Questions:
all the living organisms and their physical and chemical environment.
________________?
The term used to refer to living things
________________?
The term used to refer to the nonliving factors ie light,
temperature, water____________?
This term used to refer to all the living things of one
type in an area is ________?
This term means all the living things in the area (several
different populations) and is _______?
This term refers to living things which are part of
natural community and is ______?
This term is used to refer to organisms not native to an
area and is ________?
The term used to refer to a specific area with certain
biotic and abiotic factors is an ____?
The term used to refer to the travel of nutrients
through an ecosystem is _____?
The term used to refer to a list of organisms based on
feeding relationships is _______?
The term used to refer to several food chains which
interconnect is ______?
The term used to refer to the ability to work, some
passed from one organism to another is ___?
The term used for an organism that eats only plants is
______?
The term for an organism that eats only meat is a
_________?
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The term for an organism that eats both plants and meat
is an _____?
The term for an organism that gets its food by breaking
down wastes is _____?
The term used to refer to any ecosystem on land is
____?
The term used to refer to any ecosystem in the water is
_________?
The term used to refer to living things that live in/on
other living things (hosts) is ____?
The term for an organism that hunts another for its
food is ________?
The term for an organism that is hunted by another for
its food is _________?
The term used for all water on or near Earth is the
___________________?
The term for all air on or near Earth’s surface is the
__________________?
The term for the solid rocky crust covering the Earth is
the _____________?
The term for all living things on Earth is called the
_________________?
The study of the interactions between living and
nonliving factors is called ______?
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Abiotic Factor: temperature, light, and soil
Biotic Factor:
Involve interactions between individuals: competition with members of their own species and
with other species.
-compete for limited resources (food, light, space, mate)
-Predation
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Carrying Capacity:
The Maximum population size of a particular species that a given ecosystem can sustain.
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Biomes:
a complex biotic community characterized by distinctive plant and animal species and
maintained under the climatic conditions of the region, especially such a community that has
developed to climax.
Mountain Forest:
The most important function is in storing water and preventing erosion.
Tundra:
Tundras are among Earth's coldest, harshest biomes. Tundra ecosystems are treeless regions
found in the Arctic and on the tops of mountains, where the climate is cold and windy and
rainfall is scant.
Grassland:
Grassland biomes are large, rolling terrains of grasses, flowers and herbs. Latitude, soil and local
climates for the most part determine what kinds of plants grow in a particular grassland.
Boreal forest:
The taiga(Boreal Forest) is the biome of the needleleaf forest. Living in the taiga is cold and
lonely. Taiga is the Russian word for forest and is the largest biome in the world. The taiga
doesn't have as many plant and animal species as the tropical or the deciduous forest biomes.
Temperate deciduous forest:
The deciduous forest has four distinct seasons, spring, summer, autumn, and winter. In the
autumn the leaves change color. During the winter months the trees lose their leaves.
Freshwater:
Freshwater is defined as having a low salt concentration — usually less than 1%. Plants and
animals in freshwater regions are adjusted to the low salt content and would not be able to
survive in areas of high salt concentration
Marine:
Marine regions cover about three-fourths of the Earth's surface and include oceans, coral reefs,
and estuaries. Marine algae supply much of the world's oxygen supply and take in a huge
amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide. The evaporation of the seawater provides rainwater for
the land.
Intertidal zone:
The intertidal zone, also known as the littoral zone, in marine aquatic environments is the area
of the foreshore and seabed that is exposed to the air at low tide and submerged at high tide, ie
the area between tide marks.
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Niche: ecological niche definition. The place or function of a given organism within its
ecosystem. Note: Different organisms may compete for the same niche. For example, in a forest
there may be a niche for an organism that can fly and eat nectar from blossoms.
The ecological role and space that an organism fills in an ecosystem.
The ecological niche involves both the place where an organism lives and the roles that an
organism does in its habitat. For example, the ecological niche of a sunflower growing in the
backyard includes absorbing light, water and nutrients (for photosynthesis), providing shelter
and food for other organisms (e.g. bees, ants, etc.), and giving off oxygen into the atmosphere.
Oak trees:
absorb sunlight by photosynthesis;
absorb water and mineral salts from the soil;
provide shelter for many animals and other plants;
act as a support for creeping plants;
serve as a source of food for animals;
cover the ground with their dead leaves in the autumn.
Decomposer:
Organisms that use dead plant and material as food. They are simple plants such as bacteria and
fungi. Most are microscopic organisms
Decomposers break down material, getting the energy they need to live and releasing elements
back into the environment to be reused by other organisms.
Located everywhere but more abundant at the bottom. Dead plants and animals settle.
That is why the pond muck smelled bad.
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