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Section 8.1
1. What do you call the distance traveled
by an object divided by the time it takes
to travel that distance?
2. What must you know in order to
determine speed?
3. When an object is at rest, what is its
speed?
4. What does velocity include when
accounting for the difference between
speed and velocity?
5. What is a planes velocity if the
airplane is flying at 735 miles per hour
at an altitude of 35,000 feet, is currently
over Kansas and is approximately 16
minutes ahead of its scheduled time?
6. The following statement does not
indicate velocity, why?
“12 miles from Newark to New
Brunswick.”
7. What factors do you need when
calculating momentum?
8. If you divide momentum by velocity,
the result is the value of the
object’s_____?
9. The values are always zero of
_______
whenever an object is standing still.
10. This is a freebee!
11. What is the term used when an
object covers equal distances in equal
amounts of time?
12. When calculating the average speed
of an object, because the speed can
change from one instance to the next,
you must?
13. What two terms are included when
describing velocity?
Chapter 8, Motion and Forces
Answer
Section 8.1
1. You call the distance traveled by an
object divided by the time it takes to
travel that distance the average speed.
2. In order to determine speed, one must
know time and distance.
3. The speed of an object at rest is 0
km/h.
4. The difference between speed and
velocity is that velocity includes
distance.
5. The velocity of the plane that is flying
at 735 miles per hour at an altitude of
35,000 feet, is currently over Kansas
and is approximately 16 minutes ahead
of its scheduled cannot be determined
without further information.
6. The statement does not include
velocity because it does not include
direction.
7. When calculating momentum you need
mass, direction and speed.
8. The value of the object’s mass is the
result if you divide momentum by
velocity, the result is
9. Whenever objects are standing still, the
values that are always zero are speed, velocity
and momentum.
10.This is a freebee.
11. The term used when an object covers
equal distances in equal amounts of
time is: it is moving at is constant
speed.
12. Because speed can change from one
instance to the next, you must divide the
distance covered by the time in order to
calculate the average speed.
13. The two terms that are included when
describing velocity are speed and direction.
14. A passenger van loaded with people
weighs 2 tons and is traveling south on
the interstate heading for Florida. It has
been averaging 58 mi/hr for the journey
and has traveled over 1550 miles so far.
It has stopped to refuel. What is its
current momentum?
14. The current momentum of a passenger van
loaded with people weighing 2 tons and is
traveling south on the interstate heading for
Florida, averaging 58 mi/hr for the journey
and has traveled over 1550 miles so far but
has stopped to refuel is zero.
Section 8.2
Section 8.2
15. Acceleration is defined as ?
15. Acceleration is defined as the change in
velocity divided by time.
16. The SI unit for acceleration is m/s2.
17. When the velocity of an object changes, it
is acted upon by a force.
18. If a stationary object has a net force of
zero acting on it, then the object will remain at
rest.
19. If the net force on an object is zero then
the object has balanced forces.
16. What is the SI unit for acceleration?
17. What acts upon an object to change
its velocity?
18. What will happen to a stationary
object if the net force acting on it is
zero?
19. What kind of forces does an object
have if the net force on the object is
zero?
20. When one group pulls another group
across a setline in a game of Tug-of
War, this is an example of what kind of
forces?
21. Define friction.
22. What kind of conclusions can you
draw when a force is continuously
applied to an object causing it to
accelerate, but after a period of time the
object stops accelerating?
23. What do you call the downward
force exerted on objects due to gravity?
24. The force of gravity does what when
objects are moved further apart from
each other?
25. Define acceleration.
26. During a race, a sprinter increases
from 5.0 m/s to 7.5 m/s over a period of
1.25 s. What is the sprinter’s average
acceleration during this period?
20. In a game of Tug-of War, when one group
pulls another group across a setline, is an
example of unbalanced forces?
21. Friction is a force that opposes motion
between two surfaces that are touching.
22. When a force is continuously applied to an
object causing it to accelerate, but after a
period of time the object stops accelerating, a
logical conclusion would be that the object is
experiencing some kind of friction.
23. The downward force exerted on objects
due to gravity is best described as weight.
24. When objects are moved further apart
from each other the force of gravity decreases.
25. Acceleration is the rate at which velocity
changes.
26. The sprinter’s average acceleration during
this period is 2.0 m/s2.
Section 8.3
Section 8.3
27. What is the SI unit for force?
28. What unit do you use to measure
acceleration in a free fall?
27. The SI unit for force is called the Newton.
28. In a free fall you would use the unit of
m/s2.
29. True or false. Mass and weight are
proportional and equal?
30. T or F. Weight is the gravitational
force an object experiences due to its
mass.
31. The weight of an object on Earth is
greater than the weight of an object on
the surface of the moon, but the object’s
mass stays the same?
32. What happens to the velocity of an
object that is falling when air resistance
balances the weight of that object?
33. Force is the product of mass and
acceleration according to what law of
motion by Newton?
34. Rearrange Newton’s second law of
motion equation to define acceleration
in terms of force and mass.
35. What is a free fall?
36. Where is the free fall acceleration of
an object under the Earth’s gravity
directed?
37. What is the value for acceleration of
objects in free fall near the Earth?
38. Would there be any difference in
acceleration of a 1.5 kg. Book and a 15
kg rock dropped from the same height
and did not have air resistance?
39. Define terminal velocity.
40. What is the velocity of an object
called when gravitational forces and air
resistance equalize on an object that is
falling toward the Earth and the object
stops accelerating?
29. Mass and weight are proportional and
equal is true.
30. Weight is the gravitational force an object
experiences due to its mass is true.
31. The weight of an object on Earth is greater
than the weight of an object on the surface of
the moon, but the object’s mass stays the same
is true.
32. When air resistance balances the weight of
an object that is falling, the velocity remains
constant.
33. According to Newton’s 2nd law of motion,
force is the product of mass and acceleration.
34. Newton’s equation for his 2nd law of
motion is a=F/m.
35. A free fall is the motion of an object
resulting from the force of gravity.
36. Under the Earth’s gravity, the free fall
acceleration of an object is directed toward the
center of the Earth.
37. The value for acceleration of objects in
free fall near the Earth is 9.81 m/s2.
38. No, there would not be any difference in
acceleration of a 1.5 kg. Book and a 15 kg
rock dropped from the same height and did
not have air resistance? They would both be
the same.
39. Terminal velocity is the maximum
velocity reached by a falling object, occurring
when resistance of the medium is equal to the
force due to gravity.
40. It is known as thermal velocity when
gravitational forces and air resistance equalize
on an object that is falling toward the Earth
and the object stops accelerating?
Essays
Essays
41. You have two photos of a person
walking. One shows the person at the
corner of Third and Main Streets, the
other shows the person at the corner of
Tenth and Main streets. There are
lampposts in every corner of this town,
and the first picture shows it to be
10:32:00 exactly. The picture shows it
to be 10:49:30.
You know three facts:
1. All of the clocks are
synchronized
2. There are 12 equal-sized blocks
per mile in this town;
3. The streets that cross Main in
this area are numbered
consecutively, with no
interruptions.
What is the person’s average speed in
miles per hour (rounded off to the
nearest tenth)?
42. A box of air contains a piece of
foam and a rock. Both objects are
dropped at the same time. The rock
falls faster than the foam. However,
when the air is removed from the box to
create a vacuum, both the foam and the
rock reach the bottom at the same time.
Explain why this happens.
43. Explain why organisms that live in
water do not need as strong a skeletal
structure as organisms that live on land.
41. If there are 12 blocks per mile, the person
walks seven-twelfths of a mile,
[approximately 0.58 mi.] in 17.5 minutes
{0.29 hr.]. In mi/hr this would be 0.58 /0.29=
2.0 mi/hr.
44. Guess what?
45. Time to go for pizza again!
42. In the first case, the air provides more
Resistance (friction) to the motion of the
foam than to that of the rock, so the rock falls
faster. In a vacuum there is no air to provide
resistance to the objects, so only the force of
gravity is acting upon them and they fall at the
same time.
43. There is nothing on land to counteract the
force of gravity, so organisms must develop
strong structures to support their mass against
it. In water, the downward force of gravity is
balanced by the upward forces of the water, so
strong skeletons and other supporting
structures are unnecessary.
44. You’re done! You have just mastered
exciting knowledge about motion and forces.
“May the Force be with You!”
45. So, study hard. Remember to put the
formulas on cards as well as the questions.
Good luck on your test. I’m available if you
need me. Later, Mrs. G.!!