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The Age of Pericles
Get Ready to Read
Section Overview
This section explores how Athens
blossomed under Pericles and the
reasons Athens and Sparta went to war.
The Age of Pericles
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Focusing on the Main Ideas
• Under Pericles, Athens became very
powerful and more democratic.
• Athenian men and women had very
different roles.
• Sparta and Athens went to war for
control of Greece.
The Age of Pericles
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Locating Places
• Delos (DEE·LAHS)
Meeting People
• Pericles (PEHR·uh·KLEEZ)
• Aspasia (as·PAY·zhuh)
Building Your Vocabulary
• direct democracy (dih·MAH·kruh·see)
The Age of Pericles
Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Building Your Vocabulary (cont.)
• representative democracy
(REH·prih·ZEHN·tuh·tihv)
• philosopher (fuh·LAH·suh·fuhr)
Reading Strategy
Organizing Information Create a circle
graph like the one on page 138 of your
textbook. Show how many citizens,
foreigners, and enslaved people lived in
Athens in the 400s B.C.
The Age of Pericles
The Athenian Empire
• Athens joined forces with other citystates to form the Delian League.
• The Delian League promised to defend
its members against the Persians.
• Athens eventually gained control of the
Delian League.
• The Athenians moved the Delian
League from Delos to Athens.
(pages 139–140)
The Age of Pericles
The Athenian Empire (cont.)
• Athens had a direct democracy.
• In a direct democracy, people vote
firsthand on laws and policies.
• Direct democracy worked because of
the small number of Athenian citizens.
• In a representative democracy, people
select smaller groups to vote on behalf
of the people.
(pages 139–140)
The Age of Pericles
The Athenian Empire (cont.)
• A general named Pericles led Athens for
more than 30 years.
• He promoted democracy by including
more people in the government.
• The age of Pericles was a time of
creativity and learning.
• Pericles built temples and statues in the
city after the destruction of the Persian
Wars.
(pages 139–140)
The Age of Pericles
The Athenian Empire (cont.)
• He also
supported
artists, writers,
architects, and
philosophers.
• Philosophers
are people
who ponder
questions
about life.
(pages 139–140)
The Age of Pericles
A direct democracy would work
very well in the United States.
A. True
B. False
The Age of Pericles
Daily Life in Athens
• In the 400s B.C., the population of
Athens was about 285,000.
• This made Athens the largest of all
Greek city-states.
• Most Athenian homes had at least one
slave, and wealthy families had many
slaves.
(pages 142–144)
The Age of Pericles
Daily Life in Athens (cont.)
(pages 142–144)
The Age of Pericles
Daily Life in Athens (cont.)
• Athenian farmers grew grain,
vegetables, fruit, olives, and grapes.
• Because there was little farmland,
Athens had to import grain from other
places.
• Herders raised sheep and goats for
wool, milk, and cheese.
• Athens became the trading center of the
Greek world.
(pages 142–144)
The Age of Pericles
Daily Life in Athens (cont.)
• Merchants traded pottery, jewelry,
leather goods, and other products.
• Athenian men worked in the morning
and exercised or attended assembly
meetings in the evening.
• Athenian women were responsible for
caring for their children and their
households.
• Poor women might work in the fields or
sell goods.
(pages 142–144)
The Age of Pericles
Daily Life in Athens (cont.)
• Athenian women had no political rights
and could not own property.
• Aspasia was a well-educated woman
who influenced Plato and Pericles.
• Although she could not vote or hold
office, she was influential in politics.
(pages 142–144)
The Age of Pericles
Why were slaves important to
Athenians?
A. Slaves provided important
labor to merchants and
artisans.
B. Without slaves, Athens would
not have been able to support
its economy.
C. All of the Above
The Age of Pericles
The Peloponnesian War
• Other city-states along with Sparta
became suspicious of Athens.
• These city-states joined together against
Athens.
• The war that broke out is known as the
Peloponnesian War.
• Pericles’s funeral oration reminded
Athenians about democracy and gave
them courage to continue fighting.
(pages 144–146)
The Age of Pericles
The Peloponnesian War (cont.)
• Athenians outside the city walls moved
inside the city to protect themselves.
• In the second year of the war, a disease
killed more than one-third of the people
inside Athens’ walls, including Pericles.
• Sparta made a deal with the Persia and
built a navy.
(pages 144–146)
The Age of Pericles
The Peloponnesian War (cont.)
• The Spartan navy defeated the Athenian
navy, which brought supplies to the
Athenians.
• Athens then
surrendered.
(pages 144–146)
The Age of Pericles
What was the effect of the
Peloponnesian War on the citystates?
A. Many people died, and others
lost jobs.
B. Farmers also had their land
destroyed.
C. The Greeks could not reunite
again.
D. All of the Above
The Age of Pericles
What caused the
Peloponnesian War?
[Default]
[MC Any]
[MC All]
A. expansion of Athenian
power
B. Spartan jealousy
C. All of the above
The Age of Pericles
According to Pericles, what duties
did Athenian citizens have?
[Default]
[MC Any]
[MC All]
A. obey rules
B. pay taxes
C. defend the city.
D. All of the above
The Age of Pericles
Analyze What caused the lack of
trust between Sparta and Athens.
lack of understanding of their
differing societies, and perceived
Athenian aggression
The Age of Pericles
Interpreting Visuals Examine the
drawing of the Athenian home on
page 142 of your textbook.
What does it show about the role of
women in Athens?
Women performed most domestic
chores and did not eat with men.
The Age of Pericles
Civics Link How did the direct
democracy of Athens differ from the
democracy we have in the United
States?
Answers should reflect information
from the text.
The Age of Pericles
Expository Writing Describe the
role of the Delian League in the
creation of the Athenian empire.
Athens gradually took over the
Delian League and replaced it with
its empire.
The Age of Pericles
Summarize relations between Sparta
and Athens.