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Transcript
The Age of Pericles Get Ready to Read Section Overview This section explores how Athens blossomed under Pericles and the reasons Athens and Sparta went to war. The Age of Pericles Get Ready to Read (cont.) Focusing on the Main Ideas • Under Pericles, Athens became very powerful and more democratic. • Athenian men and women had very different roles. • Sparta and Athens went to war for control of Greece. The Age of Pericles Get Ready to Read (cont.) Locating Places • Delos (DEE·LAHS) Meeting People • Pericles (PEHR·uh·KLEEZ) • Aspasia (as·PAY·zhuh) Building Your Vocabulary • direct democracy (dih·MAH·kruh·see) The Age of Pericles Get Ready to Read (cont.) Building Your Vocabulary (cont.) • representative democracy (REH·prih·ZEHN·tuh·tihv) • philosopher (fuh·LAH·suh·fuhr) Reading Strategy Organizing Information Create a circle graph like the one on page 138 of your textbook. Show how many citizens, foreigners, and enslaved people lived in Athens in the 400s B.C. The Age of Pericles The Athenian Empire • Athens joined forces with other citystates to form the Delian League. • The Delian League promised to defend its members against the Persians. • Athens eventually gained control of the Delian League. • The Athenians moved the Delian League from Delos to Athens. (pages 139–140) The Age of Pericles The Athenian Empire (cont.) • Athens had a direct democracy. • In a direct democracy, people vote firsthand on laws and policies. • Direct democracy worked because of the small number of Athenian citizens. • In a representative democracy, people select smaller groups to vote on behalf of the people. (pages 139–140) The Age of Pericles The Athenian Empire (cont.) • A general named Pericles led Athens for more than 30 years. • He promoted democracy by including more people in the government. • The age of Pericles was a time of creativity and learning. • Pericles built temples and statues in the city after the destruction of the Persian Wars. (pages 139–140) The Age of Pericles The Athenian Empire (cont.) • He also supported artists, writers, architects, and philosophers. • Philosophers are people who ponder questions about life. (pages 139–140) The Age of Pericles A direct democracy would work very well in the United States. A. True B. False The Age of Pericles Daily Life in Athens • In the 400s B.C., the population of Athens was about 285,000. • This made Athens the largest of all Greek city-states. • Most Athenian homes had at least one slave, and wealthy families had many slaves. (pages 142–144) The Age of Pericles Daily Life in Athens (cont.) (pages 142–144) The Age of Pericles Daily Life in Athens (cont.) • Athenian farmers grew grain, vegetables, fruit, olives, and grapes. • Because there was little farmland, Athens had to import grain from other places. • Herders raised sheep and goats for wool, milk, and cheese. • Athens became the trading center of the Greek world. (pages 142–144) The Age of Pericles Daily Life in Athens (cont.) • Merchants traded pottery, jewelry, leather goods, and other products. • Athenian men worked in the morning and exercised or attended assembly meetings in the evening. • Athenian women were responsible for caring for their children and their households. • Poor women might work in the fields or sell goods. (pages 142–144) The Age of Pericles Daily Life in Athens (cont.) • Athenian women had no political rights and could not own property. • Aspasia was a well-educated woman who influenced Plato and Pericles. • Although she could not vote or hold office, she was influential in politics. (pages 142–144) The Age of Pericles Why were slaves important to Athenians? A. Slaves provided important labor to merchants and artisans. B. Without slaves, Athens would not have been able to support its economy. C. All of the Above The Age of Pericles The Peloponnesian War • Other city-states along with Sparta became suspicious of Athens. • These city-states joined together against Athens. • The war that broke out is known as the Peloponnesian War. • Pericles’s funeral oration reminded Athenians about democracy and gave them courage to continue fighting. (pages 144–146) The Age of Pericles The Peloponnesian War (cont.) • Athenians outside the city walls moved inside the city to protect themselves. • In the second year of the war, a disease killed more than one-third of the people inside Athens’ walls, including Pericles. • Sparta made a deal with the Persia and built a navy. (pages 144–146) The Age of Pericles The Peloponnesian War (cont.) • The Spartan navy defeated the Athenian navy, which brought supplies to the Athenians. • Athens then surrendered. (pages 144–146) The Age of Pericles What was the effect of the Peloponnesian War on the citystates? A. Many people died, and others lost jobs. B. Farmers also had their land destroyed. C. The Greeks could not reunite again. D. All of the Above The Age of Pericles What caused the Peloponnesian War? [Default] [MC Any] [MC All] A. expansion of Athenian power B. Spartan jealousy C. All of the above The Age of Pericles According to Pericles, what duties did Athenian citizens have? [Default] [MC Any] [MC All] A. obey rules B. pay taxes C. defend the city. D. All of the above The Age of Pericles Analyze What caused the lack of trust between Sparta and Athens. lack of understanding of their differing societies, and perceived Athenian aggression The Age of Pericles Interpreting Visuals Examine the drawing of the Athenian home on page 142 of your textbook. What does it show about the role of women in Athens? Women performed most domestic chores and did not eat with men. The Age of Pericles Civics Link How did the direct democracy of Athens differ from the democracy we have in the United States? Answers should reflect information from the text. The Age of Pericles Expository Writing Describe the role of the Delian League in the creation of the Athenian empire. Athens gradually took over the Delian League and replaced it with its empire. The Age of Pericles Summarize relations between Sparta and Athens.