Download Using your periodic table (9/30-10/6) File

Periodic Table
An atom refresher
• Matter is anything that takes up space and has
mass.
• All matter is made of atoms
• Atoms are the building blocks of matter, sort of
how bricks are the building blocks of houses.
• Who contributed to the atomic theory from
ancient Greece to modern day?
Scientist that contributed to the
Atomic Theory include:
• Democritus – “Atomos”
• JJ Thomson – cathode ray tube, found
electrons, Plum Pudding model
• Ernest Rutherford – gold foil expt., found
nucleus as a positive center
• Neils Bohr – Bohr model with orbitals for
electrons around the nucleus, like a
planetary system
• Schrodinger – said e- act as particles
• Chadwick – found neutrons
• Heisenburg – pulled together all & said
there is an electron cloud model, quantum
Atom
• An atom has three parts:
• Proton = positive
• Neutron = no charge
• Electron = negative
• The proton & neutron are
found in the center of the
atom, a place called the
nucleus.
• The electrons orbit the
nucleus.
What are elements?
• Elements are the
alphabet to the language
of molecules.
• To make compounds,
you must have elements.
• Elements are made of
atoms. While the atoms
may have different
weights and organization,
they are all built in the
same way.
More about Elements..
• Elements are the building
blocks of all matter.
• The periodic table is a list of
all of the elements that can
build matter. It’s a little like
the alphabet of chemistry.
• The periodic table tells us
several things…
Families or groups
Alkali Metals
Alakaline Earth Metals
Transition Metals
Halogens
Noble or Inert Gases
Lanthinide Series
Actinide Series
What 2 main categories are on
the periodic table?
On your periodic table:
• Number the TALL Columns 1-8 because these
are called “representative elements” that the tall
column number is the same for how many
valence electrons exist on the outer most orbital
Periodic Table
Atomic Number:
Number of protons
and it is also the
same number of
electrons in the
element.
Symbol:
An abbreviation for
the element.
Elements Name
Atomic Mass/Weight:
Number of protons +
neutrons that exist in the
nucleus.
8
O
Oxygen
16
Using your periodic table
• Find the following using your periodic table:
Symbol
Na
Al
Cr
Bi
Ra
Name
Mass #
Atomic #
protons electrons
What is an isotope?
• Isotopes are two or more forms of the same
element that contain equal numbers of protons
but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei
• Examples:
C-12
U-235
C-13
U-236
C-14
U-238
1. How many p+, e-, n0 exist in each isotope?
2. What is the element when it is
41
19
X?
Shorthand Notation:
Mass number
Symbol
Atomic number
35Cl
17
1. Write the shorthand notation for
Al
Cr
Bi
Ra
2. What do you use to tell the identity of
an element?
3. What changes to result in a charge on
an element?
4. What is an element with a charge
called?
ION is a charged element
1.Ions are a result of electrons being ________.
2. A positive charged element has ______
electrons & is called a ______.
3. A negative charged element has _____
electrons & is called a _____.
4. Draw the Bohr models of Na + Cl  NaCl and
show how electrons are transferred. Which part of
the reaction is a cation?______ Which is an
anion?_____
5. Which element gives up electrons when lithium
combines with fluorine to make lithium fluoride:
Li + F  LiF
Li+1
+ F-1  LiF
Atom Models
• There are two models of the atoms we will be
using in class.
• Bohr Model (orbitals around nucleus & show
valence electrons only in outer orbital)
• Lewis Dot Structure (only uses valence
electrons around the symbol & we will do these
at a later time)
Bohr Model
• The Bohr Model shows
all of the particles in the
atom.
• In the center is the
nucleus.
• In a circle around the
nucleus are the
electrons. Electrons
should have a minus
sign or an e.
e
Electrons have special rules….
• You can’t just shove all of the electrons into the
first orbit of an element.
• Electrons live in something called shells or
energy levels also referred to as orbitals.
• Only so many can be in any certain shell.
• The electrons in the outer most shell of any
element are called valance electrons.
Nucleus
1st shell
2nd shell
3rd shell
4th shell – if valence
orbital then it can only
hold a maximum of 8
electrons
NOTE: Only when there is another
orbital on the outside can the 3rd shell
hold up to 18 e-, otherwise if this is
the outermost orbital then it can only
hold 8 electrons to obey the octet rule!
So let’s try it….
• Draw the Bohr model for lithium:
3
Li
Lithium
7
QUIZ on Friday, I can:
(if absent be ready to take on Tuesday during Eagle Time)
• Interpret the arrangement of the Periodic Table,
including groups names and periods, for
orbitals & number of valence e-, & to know that
properties are similar for elements in a group
• Describe the structure of atoms, including the
masses, electrical charges, and locations of
protons, neutrons, and electrons
• Identify that protons determine an elements
identity and valence electrons determine its
chemical properties, including reactivity
• Describe the historical development of atomic
theory & periodic table – who did what.
On the Quiz, I can:
• Understand the experimental design and
conclusions used in the development of modern
atomic theory, including scientists’ contributions
• Determine the number of protons, neutrons,
electrons, and charge of a neutral, ion, or
isotopic element by using isotope notation.
Who did what? (Match them up)
• I used the Gold Foil
• Dimitri Mendeleev
Experiment to discovered +
charged nucleus & my model • Democritus &
the “planetary system”
Aristotle
• I was the first to call the atom •
as atomos
•
• I worked with organizing the
•
periodic table using atomic
numbers.
•
•
I discovered the electron
using a cathode tube & my
atom model is called the
“plum pudding” model
Niels Bohr
John Dalton
Henry Moseley
Ernest Rutherford
• J.J. Thomson
Continue with Who did what?
• I organized the 1st
periodic table using
atomic masses.
• Dimitri Mendeleev
• Democritus &
Aristotle
• My atomic model helped
•
describe the orbits of
electrons, has been called •
the planetary model & is
•
still used today.
•
• I believed that atoms
could not be broken down •
Niels Bohr
John Dalton
Henry Moseley
Ernest Rutherford
J.J. Thomson
Your activity…
• Make a periodic table chart on your paper of the
first three periods only & draw the Bohr model
for the first 18 elements.
• Use the