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Transcript
Name______________________________________________________Per________Date_________________ Plate Tectonics Test Study Guide (A) Section 1: Earth’s Interior (pages 6-13) You should be able to: Describe how geologists have learned about the Earth’s inner structures. Describe characteristics of the Earth’s crust, mantle and core. Section 1: Key Terms seismic waves- vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake pressure- the force exerted on a surface divided by the area over which the force is exerted crust- the layer of rock that forms Earth’s outer surface basalt- a dark, dense, igneous rock with a fine texture, found in oceanic crust granite- a usually light-colored igneous rock that is found in continental crust mantle- the layer of hot, solid material between Earth’s crust and core lithosphere- a rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust asthenosphere- the soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats outer core- a layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core of Earth _____________________________________________________________________________ Section 2: Convection and the Mantle (pages 14-17) You should be able to: Describe three ways that heat is transferred. Describe the cause of convection currents. Apply the cause of convection currents in general to convection currents in the Earth’s mantle. Section 2: Key Terms radiation- the transfer of energy through space conduction- the transfer of heat within a material or between materials that are touching convection- the transfer of heat by movement of a fluid density-the amount of mass in a given space; mass per unit volume convection current- the movement of a fluid, caused by differences in temperature, that transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another ______________________________________________________________________________ Section 3: Drifting Continents (pages 18-22) You should be able to: Describe Alfred Wegener’s hypothesis about the continents. Describe the three lines of evidence that supported Wegener’s hypothesis. Describe why Wegener’s hypothesis was rejected by most scientists of his time. Name______________________________________________________Per________Date_________________ Section 3: Key Terms continental drift- the hypothesis that the continents slowly move across Earth’s surface Pangaea- the name of the single landmass that broke apart 200 million years ago and gave rise to today’s continents fossil- a trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved in rock Section 4: Sea-Floor Spreading (pages 23-29) You should be able to: Describe the process of sea-floor spreading. Describe the three lines of evidence for sea-floor spreading. Describe what happens at deep-ocean trenches. Section 4: Key Terms mid-ocean ridge- an undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced; a divergent plate boundary sonar- a device that determines the distance of an object under water by recording echoes of sound waves sea-floor spreading- the process by which molten material adds new oceanic crust to the ocean floor deep-ocean trench- a deep valley along the ocean floor beneath which oceanic crust slowly sinks toward the mantle subduction-the process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary ______________________________________________________________________________ Section 5: The Theory of Plate Tectonics (pages 32-36) You should be able to: Describe the theory of plate tectonics Describe the three types of plate boundaries, including what happens at each type, and the landforms that can be created at each type. Section 5: Key Terms plate- a section of the lithosphere that slowly moves over the asthenosphere, carrying pieces of continental and oceanic crust scientific theory- a well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations plate tectonics-the theory that pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle fault- a break in Earth’s crust where masses of rock slip past each other divergent boundary- a plate boundary where two plates move away from each other rift valley- a deep valley that forms where two plates move apart convergent boundary- a plate boundary where two plates move toward each other transform boundary- a plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions