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The Persian Wars – Summary Battle Marathon 490BC Land or Sea Leaders Land Callimachus (Ath) Miltiades (Ath) Datis (Per) Artaphernes (Per) Results Athens won a land battle – Persians went to Athens; saw Athenians and retreated Significance 1st time Persians defeated Morale boost for Greeks Seen Spartans weren’t needed to win ‘Men of Marathon’ seen as heroes and Athens increased in prestige Greeks Involved Athenians Plataeans Land Leonidas (Sp) Xerxes (Per) Isthmus fortified Leonidas and 300 Spartans killed Athens evacuated Greeks lost pass. Leonidas and his men became mythical – rallying catch cry to inspire others Gave Greeks time to prepare Artemisium 480 BC Sea Eurybiades (Sp) Themistocles (Ath) 200 Persian ships destroyed going down Euboean coast Both sides sustained heavy casualties Salamis 480 BC Sea Eurybiades (Sp) Themistocles (Ath) Xerxes (Per) Land Pausanias (Sp) Mardonius (Per) Masistius (Per) Artabazes (Per) Persian fleet withdrew Greeks followed as far as Andros to punish them Xerxes went to Sardis; soldiers joined Mardonius – who made plans to attack Peloponnese and detach Athens from the Greek alliance Greeks won and Mardonius killed Break into stockade and take tremendous amount of booty Persian fleet almost halved by time they got to Salamis Was able to protect Leonidas Themistocles used propaganda to entire Greeks in Persian fleet to betray them Turning point in 2nd invasion Weakened the allegiance of the Greeks in Asia Minor and paved the way for the revolt in 479BC Themistocles naval policy justified Salamis a victory for the Athenian govt End of combined land/sea attack Spartans Thebans Thespians Locrians 10000 altogether Athens Sparta Nathan Thermopylae 480 BC Daniel Ashley Plataea 479 BC Angela Greeks proved they could win on terrain chosen by Persians End of attack on mainland Greece and Greeks go on offensive Greek unity displayed Athens Sparta + others Sparta Athens Tegea + 20 city states Mycale 479 BC Land/Sea Leotychides (Sp) Xanthippus (Ath) Led to Ionian revolt – problem for Gks how to protect them. Gks of Asia Minor left without any protective alliance. Ended defense of mainland Greece Leadership of Athens at Sestos was pivotal to the establishment of Delian league in following year Sparta Athens