* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Chapter Three: The Dynamic Earth
Survey
Document related concepts
Schiehallion experiment wikipedia , lookup
Air well (condenser) wikipedia , lookup
Physical oceanography wikipedia , lookup
History of geomagnetism wikipedia , lookup
Spherical Earth wikipedia , lookup
Age of the Earth wikipedia , lookup
History of geology wikipedia , lookup
Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment wikipedia , lookup
History of geodesy wikipedia , lookup
History of Earth wikipedia , lookup
Future of Earth wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
CHAPTER THREE: THE DYNAMIC EARTH Section One: The Geosphere The Earth as a System Four 1. 2. 3. 4. Parts: Geosphere Atmosphere Hydrosphere Biosphere Section One: The Geosphere Geosphere: the mostly solid, rocky part of the earth Extends crust from the center of the core to the surface of the Section One: The Geoshpere Atmosphere: a mixture of gases that makes up the air we breath Section One: The Geosphere Hydrosphere: all of the water on or near the earth’s surface Section One: The Geosphere Biosphere: the part of earth where life exists Section One: The Geosphere Earth’s Interior Scientist use seismic waves to study the Earth’s interior Three Layers 1. 2. 3. Crust: the thin solid outermost layer of the earth Mantle: layer between the crust and core Core: Earth’s innermost layer Section One: The Geosphere Physical Layer of the Earth Lithosphere: outer layer of the Earth Asthenosphere: solid plastic layer beneath the lithosphere Mesosphere: middle part of the earth Core Section One: The Geosphere Plate Tectonics Tectonic Plates: a block of the lithosphere that consists of the crust and the rigid, outermost part of the mantle Continents move on these plates Plate Boundaries is where mountain building occurs Section One: The Geosphere Earthquakes Fault: a break in the Earth’s crust along which block of crust slide relative to one another Magnitude: the measure of energy released by an earthquake Section One: The Geosphere Volcanoes Volcano: a mountain built from magma that rises from the earth’s interior to its surface Located near tectonic plate boundaries Have local and global effects Section One: The Geosphere Section One: The Geosphere Erosion: the removal and transport of surface material Water erosion: erosion by rivers and oceans Wind Erosion Section Two: The Atmosphere Atmosphere: the mixture of gases that surround the earth Made of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and other gases Insulates the earth surface Section Two: The Atmosphere Layers of the Atmosphere Troposhere: layer nearest to the surface of the Earth 1. a. Stratosphere: layer that contains the ozone layer 2. a. 3. 4. Where almost all weather occurs Ozone: made of O3 and absorbs UV rays Mesosphere: coldest layer of the atmosphere Thermosphere: layer farthest from earth Section Two: The Atmosphere Section Two: The Atmosphere Energy in the Atmosphere Energy is transferred to the Earth from the sun by three ways 1. 2. 3. Radiation: transfer of energy across space and in the atmosphere Conduction: flow of heat from a warmer object to a colder object through contact Convection: the transfer of heat through air currents a. Convection Current: the continual process of warm air rising and cool air sinking causes air to move in circular motions Section Two: The Atmosphere The Greenhouse Effect Gases trap heat near the Earth and radiate it Section Three: The Hydrosphere and Biosphere The Hydrosphere and the Water Cycle Water Cycle: the continuous movement of water into the air, onto land, and then back to water sources Section Three: The Hydrosphere and Biosphere The Water Cycle Evaporation: process by which liquid water is heated by the sun and then rises into the atmosphere as water vapor Condensation: water vapor forms water droplets on dust particles in clouds Precipitation: the larger water droplets fall from the clouds as rain, snow, sleet, or hail Section Three: The Hydrosphere and Biosphere The Earth’s Oceans Artic, Indian, Pacific, Atlantic Largest ocean is the Pacific Deepest point is in the Pacific and is called the Challenger Deep Salinity: the concentration of dissolved salts Section Three: The Hydrosphere and Biosphere The Earth’s Oceans Temperature zones Global Temperature Regulator Absorbs heat from the sun Ocean currents act to influence climates Section Three: The Hydrosphere and Biosphere Freshwater Freshwater: water that contain extremely small amounts of salt Most in icecaps and glaciers River and streams Groundwater Rain and melting snow sink into ground Aquifers: a rock layer that stores and allows the flow of groundwater Section Three: The Hydrosphere and Biosphere The Biosphere Biosphere: the narrow layer around the Earth’s surface in which life can exist Made of the geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere Life requires water, moderate temperatures, and a source of energy Section Three: The Hydrosphere and Biosphere Energy Flow in the Biosphere Closed System: energy enter and leaves the system but matter does not The Open Earth is a closed system System: both matter and energy are exchanged between the system and the surrounding environment