Download Verbs - Cornell Notes

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Verbs
Ms.
Underwood
Verb The verb of a sentence expresses an action or simply states a fact.
Ex.
Jenny cut down the old oak tree. (action)
Waiters set the table for the buffet. (action)
Our senator is happy about the new law. (fact)
My brother was in a bad mood. (fact)
Verbs that state a fact are also known as being verbs.
Action & The two main types of verbs are action and linking. Action verbs show
Linking Verbs action. Linking verbs link two parts in the sentence. Linking verbs do NOT
show action.
Contractions
To contract means to draw together. Thus, when forming contractions we
draw together two words to make one. We do this by dropping some letters
and adding an apostrophe.
Suggestions:
 Make sure your apostrophe looks like an apostrophe and not a chicken
scratch mark.
 Place the apostrophe exactly where the letters are missing.
Ex.
do + not = don’t
I + am = I’m
where + is = where’s
Verb Phrases Sometimes two or more words make up a verb. This is called a verb phrase.
The last word in the phrase is called the main verb (MV); all other words in
the phrase are called the helping (or auxiliary) verbs. (HV)
Ex.
should go = should (HV) + go (MV)
has been given = has been (HV) + given (MV)
will be leaving = will be (HV) + leaving (MV)
Regular Verbs Regular verbs form their past and part participle by adding –ed to the verb.
Ex.
bark, barks, barked, had barked
walk, walks, walked, had walked
Irregular Verbs Irregular verbs do NOT form their past or past participle with –ed. They
completely change form and must be memorized.
Ex.
run, runs, ran, had run
Irregular Verbs know, knows, knew, had known
(Cont.) bring, brings, brought, had brought
Direct Objects Direct objects receive the action of the verb. They will only be found
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following action verbs.
Ex.
The teacher threw an eraser. (What did the teacher throw? eraser Eraser is
the direct object.) The direct object will be labeled DO.
I kicked the desk. (What did you kick? desk Desk is the DO)
Sit /Set
To sit means to rest.
To set means to put or place.
Ex.
He is (sitting, setting) on the porch.
He is sitting on the porch. (He is resting.)
The librarian (sit, set) the books down.
The librarian set the books down. (She put or placed them.)
The principle parts of sit and set:
 Sit, sits, sat, sitting, had sat
 Set, sets, set, setting, had set
Rise/Raise
To rise means to go up without help.
To raise means to go up with help.
The principle parts of rise and raise:
 Rise, rises, rose, rising, had risen
 Raise, raises, raised, had raised
Ex.
The sourdough bread is (rising, raising).
The sourdough bread is rising. (Bread rises without help.)
Lie/Lay
The flag had been (risen, raised) at sunrise.
The flag had been raised at sunrise. (Flags need help to go up a flagpole.)
To lie means to rest or recline.
To lay means to put or place.
The principle parts of lie and lay:
 Lie, lies, lay, lying, had lain
 Lay, lays, laid, laying, had laid
Ex.
A pig is (lying, laying) in the mud.
A pig is lying in the mud.
We (lay, laid) the envelope on your desk yesterday.
We laid the envelope on your desk yesterday.
Irregular Verb The irregular verb “to be” must be memorized:
“to be”
 is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been
Predicate
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Nominative
(a.k.a.
Predicate
Noun)
A predicate nominative is a noun or a pronoun that comes after a linking verb
that renames the subject. We will label the predicate nominative PN. --- Also
called the predicate noun.
Ex.
Mrs. Brody is our teacher. (teacher is the PN --- it goes back and renames
Mrs. Brody)
---- Check yourself by inverting the sentence.
Our teacher is Mrs. Brody. 
My best subjects are math and science. (math and science are the PN’s)
--- Let’s check our work.
Math and science are my best subjects. 
Predicate
Adjective A predicate adjective is an adjective (describing word) that comes after a
linking verb and goes back to describe the subject. We will label the
predicate adjective PA.
Ex.
My wagon is red. (red is the PA)
--- Let’s check our work.
Red wagon 
Our flag is red, white and blue. (red, white, blue are the PA’s)
--- Let’s check our work.
Red, white and blue flag 
Action or
Linking??? Some verbs can serve as both action and linking verbs. You must look at the
function of the verb. Also inserting a form of “be” for the verb helps decide if
it’s action or linking.
Ex.
Joan tasted the soup. (action)
This drink tastes bitter. (linking) --- a drink does not have the ability to “taste”
--- Let’s check our work by inserting a form of “be”.
Joan tasted the soup.
Joan was the soup. --- X wrong, so we know it’s an action verb
This drink tastes bitter.
This drink is bitter. ---  The sentence still makes sense so we know “tastes”
in this sentence is a linking verb.
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Summary