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1. Rock X and rock Y are igneous rocks with identical
mineral composition. Rock X has no visible crystals
and rock Y has large visible crystals
\\'hat can be inferred about rock Y?
1. It cooled at the Earth’s surface, more slowly than
rock X.
2. It cooled beneath the Earth’s surface. More
slowly than rock X.
3. It cooled at the Earth’s surface, more quickly
than rock X.
4. It cooled beneath the Earth's surface more
quickly than rock X.
2. According to the Earth Science Reference Tables,
which statement is true of granite and gabbro?
(1) are both intrusive
(2) are both extrusive
(3) have different grain sizes
(4) both contain potassIum feldspar
3. A student finds the mass of an igneous rock sample
to be 48.0 grams. Its actual mass is 52.0 grams.
What is the student’s approximate percent deviation
(percent of error)? [Refer to the Earth Science
Reference Tables]
(1) 92% (2) 8.3%
(3) 7.7%
(4) 4.0 %
4.
7. A sample of conglomerate consists mostly of
fragments of granite and sandstone. The best
inference that can be made from the sample is that
this conglomerate
1. contains fossils
2. formed from other rocks
3. resulted from solidification
4. formed during the Cambrian Period
8. According to the Earth Science Reference Tables,
rhyolite and granite are alike in that they both are
1. fine-grained
3. mafic
2. dark-colored
4. felsic
9. Scratching a mineral against a glass plate is a method
used for determining the mineral’s
1. color
3 luster
2. hardness
4. cleavage
10. Olivine and pyroxene are commonly found in
igneous rocks that are
1. felsic, with low density
2. felsic, with high density
3. mafic, with low density
4. mafic, with high density
The diagrams below represent samples of five different
minerals found in the rocks of the Earth’s crust.
4. According to the Earth Science Reference Tables,
which metamorphic rock will have visible mica
crystals and a foliated texture?
(1) marble (2) quartzite (3) schist
(4) Slate
5. Certain minerals usually break along flat surfaces,
while other minerals break unevenly. This
characteristic is due to the
1. luster of the mineral
2. age of the mineral
3. internal arrangement of the mineral's atoms
4. force with which the mineral is broken
6. Which rocks would most likely be separated by a
transition zone of altered rock (metamorphic rock)?
1. sandstone and limestone
2. granite and limestone
3. shale and sandstone
4. conglomerate and siltstone
11. Which physical property of minerals is represented
by the flat surfaces in the diagrams?
1. magnetism
3. cleavage
2. hardness
4. crystal size
12. The data table below shows is the composition of
six common rock-forming minerals.
17. According to the Earth Science Reference Tables, a
sedimentary rock formed as the result of
compaction and cementation of uniformly sized fine
sediments with a diameter of 0.1 cm is called
(1) conglomerate
(3) shale
(2) sandstone
(4) siltstone
18. Rocks are classified on the basis of
(1) the mass of the sample
(2) the shape of the sample
(3) their age in millions of years
(4) how they were formed
The data table provides evidence that
1. the same elements are found in all minerals
2. a few elements are found in many minerals
3. all elements are found in only a few minerals
4. all elements are found in all minerals
13. A dark colored course-grained rock contains 50%
plagioclase, 45% pyroxene, and 5% amphibole.
According to the Earth Science Reference Tables.
this rock is
1) basalt
3) rhyolite
2) granite
4) gabbro
14. Which minerals are found in the igneous rocks
gabbro and basalt
1. olivine and basalt
2. olivine and pyroxene
3. pyroxene and orthoclase
4. orthoclase and quartz
I5. An igneous rock contains large mineral crystals.
The best conclusion to make about this rock is that
this rock
1. contains plagioclase and pyroxene
2. is felsic and has a low density
3. once contained small crystals which eroded
4. cooled slowly as it formed
16. According to the Earth Science Reference Tables,
which processes have all igneous rocks undergone?
(1) deposition and burial
(2) solidification from a melt
(3) volcanic eruption
(4) weathering and erosion
19. According to the Earth Science Reference Tables.
what are the four most abundant elements, by
volume, in the Earth's crust'?
1. oxygen, potassium, sodium, and calcium
2. hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and potassium
3. aluminum, iron, silicon, and magnesium
4. aluminum, calcium, hydrogen, and iron
20. Some nonsedimentary rocks are formed as a result
of
1. solidification of molten material
2. evaporation and precipitation
3. cementation of particles
4. deposition I\f particles
21.What causes the characteristic crystal shape and
cleavage (breaking along flat surfaces) of the
mineral halite as shown in the diagram below,
1. metamorphism of the halite
2. the internal arrangement of the atoms in halite
3. the amount of erosion the halite has undergone
4. the shape of the other minerals located where the
halite formed
22. According to the Earth Science Reference Tables,
which sedimentary rock is composed of fragmental
skeletons and shells of sea organisms compacted
and cemented together?
1. shale
3. sandstone
2. limestone
4. gypsum
23. According to the Earth Science Reference Tables,
rhvolite is an example of a
1. monomineralic igneous rock
2. polymineralic igneous rock
3. monomineralic sedimentary. rock
4. polymineralic sedimentary rock
Base your answers to question 24 and 25 on the
diagram below which represents the formation of a
sedimentary rock. [Sediments are drawn actual
size.]
24. The formation of which sedimentary rock is Shown
in the diagram.
1. conglomerite
3. siltstone
2. sandstone
4. shale
25. Which two processes formed this rock?
1. folding and faulting
2. melting and solidification~
3. compaction and cementation
4. heating and application of pressure
26. According to the Earth Science Reference Tables, a
rock that forms directly from land-derived
sediments is
1. sandstone
3. gabbro
2. dolostone
4. granite
27. According to the Earth Science Reference Tables,
which property would be most useful for identifying
igneous rocks
1. kind of cement
2. mineral composition
3. number of mineral present
4. types of fossils present
28. .According to the Earth Science Reference Tables,
Limestone, gypsum, and salt are rocks formed by
the processes of
1. melting and solidification
2. evaporation and precipitation
3. erosion and deposition
4. Weathering and metamorphism
Nine rock samples were classified into three groups as
shown in the table below.
29. This classification system \\'as most likely based on
the
1. age of the minerals in the rock
2. size of the crystals in the rock
3. way in \\'hich' the rock formed
4. color of the rock
30. Which is the best description of the properties of
basalt?
1. fine-grained and mafic
2. fine-grained and felsic
3. coarse-grained and mafic
4. coarse-grained and felsic
31. Which mineral is commonly found in the three
metamorphic rocks slate, schist and gneiss?
1. proxene
3. quartz
2. feldspar
4. mica
32. Which is an accurate statement about rocks?
1. Rocks are located only in con1inental areas of the
Earth.
2. Rocks seldom undergo change
3. Most rocks contain fossils.
4. Most rocks have several minerals in common
33. Large crystal grains in an igneous rock indicate that
the rock was formed
1. near the surface
2. under low pressure
3. at a low temperature
4. over a long period of time
34. Which rock was most likely formed from pebble
sized sediment deposited in shallow water at an
ocean shoreline?
1. shale
3. siltstone
2. basalt
4. conglomerate
35. According to the Earth Science Reference Tables,
what is the approximate percentage by volume of
oxygen in the crust of the Earth?
(1) 20%
(3) 40%
(2) 30%
(4) 50%
36. According to the Earth Science Reference Tables,
which rock was most likely formed as a result of
biological processes?
1. granite
3. sandstone
2. basalt
4. limestone
Base your answers to questions 37 – 39 on the diagram
below, the Earth Science Reference Tables and your
knowledge of Earth Science. The diagram shows
the elements found in four minerals.
37. Which mineral contains the greatest variety of
elements?
(1) quartz
(3) feldspar
(2) olivine
(4) diamond
38. Which of the four minerals shown is not a silicate
mineral?
(1) quartz
(3) feldspar
(2) olivine
(4) diamond
39. Which of the following elements is the most
abundant in Earth's crust?
(1) iron
(3) oxygen
(2) silicon .
(4) calcium
Base your answers to questions 40 and 41 on the chart below. The chart shows information about selected minerals
and energy resources.
40. Which resource would last longer if people used
public transportation and set thermostats to lower
indoor temperatures in the winter?
(1) petroleum
(3) feldspar
(2) copper
(4) graphite
41. What is the primary source of ail of the resources
listed in the chart above?
(1) recycled and discarded waste materials
(2) deposits within Earth's crust
(3) substances extracted from ocean water
(4) meteorites from outer space
Base your answers to questions 42 through 46 on your
knowledge of earth science, the Earth Science
Reference Tables, and the diagrams of five rock
samples (including metamorphic gneiss) shown
below.
45. The diagram below represents the percentage by
volume of each mineral found in a sample of basalt.
Which mineral is represented by the letter X in the
diagram?
1. orthoclase feldspar
2. plagioclase feldspar
3. quartz
4. mica
46. Which rock was formed by the compression and
cementation of sediments with panicle sizes ranging
from 0.08 to 0.1 centimeter?
1. basalt
3. granite
2. conglomerate
4. sandstone
42. Which rock is composed of sediments that have a
range of sizes and that originate from different rock
types?
1. basalt
3. conglomerate
2. gneiss
4. granite
43. Which rock shows banding that formed as a result
of the recrystallization of unmelted material under
high temperature and pressure'?
1. gneiss
3. granite
2. conglomerate 4. sandstone
44. The granite most likely was formed by the process
of
1. erosion and deposition
2. compaction and cementation
3. heating and metamorphism
4. melting and solidification
Base your answers to questions 47 through 51 on your knowledge of earth science, the Earth Science Reference
Tables, and the table of minerals below. The table shows the physical properties of nine minerals,
Definitions
Luster: the way a mineral’s surface reflects light
Streak: color of a powdered form of the mineral
Hardness: resistance of a mineral to being scratched (soft –
easily scratched: hard – not easily scratched)
47. Which mineral has a different color in its powdered
form than in its original form?
1. pyrite
3. kaolinite
2. graphite
4. magnetIte
48. Which mineral contains iron, has a metallic luster,
is hard, and has the same color and streak.
1.biotIte mica
3. kaolinite
2. galena
4. magnetite
49. Which mineral is commonly found in granite?
1. quartz
3. magnetite
2. olivine
4. galena
50. Why do diamond and graphite have different
physical properties, even though they are both
composed entirely of the element carbon?
1. only diamond contains radioactive carbon
2. only graphite consists of organic material,
3. The minerals have different arrangements of
carbon atoms.
4. The minera1s have undergone different amounts
of weathering.
51. Which mineral would likely be weathered most
after being placed in a container and shaken for 10
minutes'?
1. pyrite
3. magnetite
2. quartz
4. kaolinite
Base your answers to questions 52 through 55 on the Earth Science Reference Table’s, the diagrams below and your
knowledge of Earth science. Diagram I shows the order in which silicate minerals crystallize from magma.
Diagram II shows the minerals that form as the number of linked tetrahedra increases.
52. \\'hich statement about the minerals quartz and olivine must always be true?
1. They have the same form at the same temperature
2. They have the same density
3. They contain the elements silicon and oxygen.
4. They contain the elements iron and magnesium.
53. The arrangement of the silicon-oxygen tetrahedra in the mineral mica is responsible for mica's
1. black color
3. high crystallization temperature
2. colorless streak
4. cleavage in one direction
54. Which statement about the process of crystallization of minerals from magma is true?
1. Dark-colored rocks are the last to crystallize
2. Rocks crystallized at the highest temperatures are lower in density than rocks crystallized at low temperatures.
3 The first rocks to crystallize will contain minerals composed of single tetrahedra
4 The rocks crystallized last contain the greatest amounts of iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg),
55. The diagram below shows a sample of rock material that contains coarse-grained inter-grown crystals of several
minerals, [Mineral crystals are shown actual size.]
This rock sample should be identified as
1. rhyolite
3. scoria
2. granite
4. basalt